Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 on sunny and cloudy days over a reed wetland in the Yellow River Delta, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0063

Abstract

Abstract: Aims Clouds and aerosols change the radiation level on the land surface and indirectly alter the microclimate. Shifts in sunny and cloudy days, for example, would affect the net ecosystem exchange of CO₂ (NEE) between land surface and the atmosphere. Our objective was to analyze the influence of shifts in sunny and cloudy days on NEE, its responses to light and temperature in a reed (Phragmites australis) wetland in the Yellow River Delta, China. Methods Using the eddy covariance technique, we measured the temporal changes in NEE during the growing season over the reed wetland. We selected 12 paired-days during the measurement period following two criteria: (1) the two paired days are adjacent, with one sunny day and another cloudy day; (2) no rain event during the two days. We assumed that: (1) live biomass and leaf area index (LAI) are the same during any paired-days; (2) soil moisture has no significant difference between the two adjacent days. With these criteria, we expected that radiation condition exerted the major control on NEE. Important findings Diurnal change of NEE showed a distinct U-shaped pattern on both sunny and cloudy days, but with substantial variation in its amplitude. During the daytime, NEE on sunny days was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that on the cloudy days (n = 12). The daytime NEE response to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was modeled with the rectangular hyperbolic function (Eq. (1)) for both sunny and cloudy days. There appeared a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in light-saturated NEE (A_max) on cloudy days compared to the sunny days. Similarly, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in daytime ecosystem respiration (R_eco,daytime) on cloudy days as compared to that of the sunny day although there existed significant exponential relationships between R_eco,daytime and air temperature on both sunny and cloudy days. In addition, the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration (Q₁₀) on cloudy days (1.9) was significantly lower than that of sunny days (5.5). Stepwise multiple regression analyses suggested that PAR and T explained 63% of the changes in NEE between sunny and cloudy days. By taking advantage of the natural shift of sunny and cloudy days without disturbance to the plant-soil system, our results indicated that cloud cover significantly reduced the absorption capacity of CO₂ in the wetland. Thus, it is necessary to take into account the shits between sunny and cloudy days on NEE when predicting the ecosystem responses to future climate in the wetland.

Key words: sunny day, cloudy day, net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), daytime ecosystem respiration (Reco, daytime), light response, temperature response

CHU Xiao-Jing,HAN Guang-Xuan,XING Qing-Hui,YU Jun-Bao,WU Li-Xin,LIU Hai-Fang,WANG Guang-Mei,MAO Pei-Li. Net ecosystem exchange of CO₂ on sunny and cloudy days over a reed wetland in the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2015, 39(7): 661-673.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0063

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2015/V39/I7/661

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Diurnal changes in net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on the 12 paired-days (i.e., a sunny day and an adjacent cloudy day) during the 2013 growing season in the Yellow River Delta wetland. Black and grey solid lines represent PAR on sunny and cloudy days, respectively.

Fig. 2 Average diurnal variations of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and air temperature (T) on sunny days and cloudy days during the 2013 growing season in the Yellow River Delta. Bars represent standard errors of the means of 12 sunny days and 12 adjacent cloudy days (mean ± SE). ***, p < 0.001.

Fig. 3 Relationships between daytime net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) between sunny days and cloudy days during the 2013 growing season in the Yellow River Delta wetland. Black solid line represents fitting curve of sunny days, and grey line represents fitting curve of cloudy days.

Fig. 4 Relationships between daytime ecosystem respiration (Reco,daytime) and air temperature (T) on sunny days and cloudy days during the 2013 growing season in the Yellow River Delta wetland. Black solid line represents fitting curve of sunny days, and grey line represents fitting curve of cloudy days.

Table 1 Comparison of the analog parameters from daytime net ecosystem exchange of CO2(NEE) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) using a Michaelis-Menten model (Eq.(3)) between sunny days and cloudy days in the wetland

Table 2 Estimated empirical coefficient of multiple liner regression models for changes in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and air temperature (T) on sunny and cloudy days during the growing season in the Yellow River Delta

	方程 Equation	R²	p	n
晴天 Sunny day	NEE = -0.005PAR - 0.28T + 4.06	0.41	<0.001	288
阴天 Cloudy day	NEE = -0.006PAR - 0.107T + 2.67	0.42	<0.001	288
阴天和晴天差量 Difference between sunny and cloudy days	ΔNEE = -0.004ΔPAR - 0.123ΔT - 2.54	0.63	<0.001	288

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Net ecosystem exchange of CO₂ on sunny and cloudy days over a reed wetland in the Yellow River Delta, China

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