Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 549-558.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0250
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Ting ZHANG1,2, Bo WANG1, Bai-Ge MIAO1, Yan-Qiong PENG1,*
Online:
2017-05-10
Published:
2017-06-22
Contact:
Yan-Qiong PENG
Ting ZHANG, Bo WANG, Bai-Ge MIAO, Yan-Qiong PENG. Chemical composition of volatiles from the syconia of Ficus microcarpa and host recognition behavior of pollinating fig wasps[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(5): 549-558.
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挥发物 Volatile | 分子式 Formula | 相对含量 Relative content (%) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PF1 | PF2 | F1 | F2 | PP1 | PP2 | IF1 | IF2 | M1 | M2 | P1 | P2 | ||
脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives | |||||||||||||
3,7-二甲基-1,6辛二烯-3-醇 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol | C10H18O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.55 | 13.74 | 0 | 0 |
2-庚酮 2-Heptanone | C7H14O | 0 | 0 | 11.94 | 8.29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2-己烯醛 2-Hexenal | C6H10O | 2.96 | 6.24 | 1.24 | 0.84 | 1.78 | 1.29 | 4.41 | 10.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3-己烯-1-醇 3-Hexen-1-ol | C6H12O | 13.24 | 9.93 | 5.31 | 7.28 | 3.95 | 6.53 | 13.65 | 18.17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3-辛酮 3-Octanone | C8H16O | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | 0.44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
癸醛 Decanal | C10H20O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.71 | 2.60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
癸烷 Decane | C10H22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.16 | 6.12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
十二烷 Dodecane | C12H26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.22 | 1.55 | 0 | 0 |
己醛 Hexanal | C6H12O | 0 | 0 | 3.67 | 2.95 | 0.77 | 1.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
壬醛 Nonanal | C9H18O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.19 | 13.31 | 0 | 0 |
辛酸乙酯 Octanoic acid, ethyl ester | C10H20O2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.76 | 1.99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
十三烷 Tridecane | C13H28 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27.22 | 7.98 |
萜类化合物 Terpenoids | |||||||||||||
α-荜澄茄油烯 α-cubebene | C15H24 | 0 | 0 | 1.09 | 0.45 | 1.76 | 1.83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1,2,4-甲桥-苯并环戊烯 1,2,4-Metheno-1H-indene | C15H24 | 9.23 | 6.46 | 7.89 | 8.84 | 0.99 | 1.88 | 4.37 | 3.85 | 8.26 | 8.49 | 0 | 0 |
3,7-二甲基-1,3,6环己烯 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene | C10H16 | 0 | 0 | 0.47 | 0.55 | 2.34 | 1.09 | 11.63 | 13.75 | 12.33 | 11.17 | 0 | 0 |
反式-2,4-己二烯 (E,E)-2,4-hexadiene, | C6H10 | 4.43 | 7.53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
石竹烯 Caryophyllene | C15H24 | 8.04 | 7.95 | 5.92 | 8.19 | 2.71 | 1.45 | 6.70 | 8.89 | 6.94 | 8.71 | 6.06 | 11.44 |
可巴烯 Copaene | C15H24 | 54.85 | 50.85 | 44.33 | 52.82 | 71.08 | 76.85 | 42.21 | 33.23 | 48.51 | 43.03 | 36.28 | 43.77 |
D-柠檬烯 D-limonene | C10H16 | 2.34 | 7.17 | 15.46 | 7.34 | 12.40 | 2.16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
芳香族化合物 Aromatic compounds | |||||||||||||
苯甲酸乙酯 Benzoic acid, ethyl ester | C9H10O2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.40 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 | 15.39 | 18.67 |
环己烷 Cyclohexane | C6H12 | 4.59 | 3.57 | 2.09 | 2.00 | 2.21 | 5.78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.04 | 18.13 |
Table 1 The relative contents of volatile compounds released by syconia of Ficus microcarpa at different developmental phases
挥发物 Volatile | 分子式 Formula | 相对含量 Relative content (%) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PF1 | PF2 | F1 | F2 | PP1 | PP2 | IF1 | IF2 | M1 | M2 | P1 | P2 | ||
脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives | |||||||||||||
3,7-二甲基-1,6辛二烯-3-醇 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol | C10H18O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.55 | 13.74 | 0 | 0 |
2-庚酮 2-Heptanone | C7H14O | 0 | 0 | 11.94 | 8.29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2-己烯醛 2-Hexenal | C6H10O | 2.96 | 6.24 | 1.24 | 0.84 | 1.78 | 1.29 | 4.41 | 10.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3-己烯-1-醇 3-Hexen-1-ol | C6H12O | 13.24 | 9.93 | 5.31 | 7.28 | 3.95 | 6.53 | 13.65 | 18.17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3-辛酮 3-Octanone | C8H16O | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | 0.44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
癸醛 Decanal | C10H20O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.71 | 2.60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
癸烷 Decane | C10H22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.16 | 6.12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
十二烷 Dodecane | C12H26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.22 | 1.55 | 0 | 0 |
己醛 Hexanal | C6H12O | 0 | 0 | 3.67 | 2.95 | 0.77 | 1.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
壬醛 Nonanal | C9H18O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.19 | 13.31 | 0 | 0 |
辛酸乙酯 Octanoic acid, ethyl ester | C10H20O2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.76 | 1.99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
十三烷 Tridecane | C13H28 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27.22 | 7.98 |
萜类化合物 Terpenoids | |||||||||||||
α-荜澄茄油烯 α-cubebene | C15H24 | 0 | 0 | 1.09 | 0.45 | 1.76 | 1.83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1,2,4-甲桥-苯并环戊烯 1,2,4-Metheno-1H-indene | C15H24 | 9.23 | 6.46 | 7.89 | 8.84 | 0.99 | 1.88 | 4.37 | 3.85 | 8.26 | 8.49 | 0 | 0 |
3,7-二甲基-1,3,6环己烯 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene | C10H16 | 0 | 0 | 0.47 | 0.55 | 2.34 | 1.09 | 11.63 | 13.75 | 12.33 | 11.17 | 0 | 0 |
反式-2,4-己二烯 (E,E)-2,4-hexadiene, | C6H10 | 4.43 | 7.53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
石竹烯 Caryophyllene | C15H24 | 8.04 | 7.95 | 5.92 | 8.19 | 2.71 | 1.45 | 6.70 | 8.89 | 6.94 | 8.71 | 6.06 | 11.44 |
可巴烯 Copaene | C15H24 | 54.85 | 50.85 | 44.33 | 52.82 | 71.08 | 76.85 | 42.21 | 33.23 | 48.51 | 43.03 | 36.28 | 43.77 |
D-柠檬烯 D-limonene | C10H16 | 2.34 | 7.17 | 15.46 | 7.34 | 12.40 | 2.16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
芳香族化合物 Aromatic compounds | |||||||||||||
苯甲酸乙酯 Benzoic acid, ethyl ester | C9H10O2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.40 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 | 15.39 | 18.67 |
环己烷 Cyclohexane | C6H12 | 4.59 | 3.57 | 2.09 | 2.00 | 2.21 | 5.78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.04 | 18.13 |
Fig. 1 Changes in fatty acid derivatives, terpenoids and aromatics compounds from syconia of Ficus microcarpa with developmental phases. Abbreviations are the same as in Table 1.
Fig. 3 Changes in the 12 major compounds from syconia of Ficus microcarpa between the female phases before and after pollination. A, 2-heptanone; B, 2-hexenal; C, 3-hexen-1-ol; D, 3-octanone; E, hexanal; F, α-cubebene; G, 1,2,4-metheno-1H- indene; H, 1,3,6-octatriene,3,7-dimethyl; I, caryophyllene; J, copaene; K, D-limonene; L, cyclohexane. F, female phase before pollination; PP, post-pollination phase.
Fig. 4 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (ordination) of chemical composition of volatiles from syconia of Ficus microcarpa at different developmental phases. F1, F2, IF1, IF2, M1, M2, P1, P2, PF1, PF2, PP1 and PP2 are the same as in Table 1. The solid line shows the dendrogram based on distance calculated from chemical percentage data using Bray-Curtis measures of dissimilarity. Each datum point represents a specific phase of a tree.
Fig. 5 Behavioural responses of Eupristina verticillata to syconia of Ficus microcarpa at different developmental phases in Y-tube olfactometer tests. χ2 test: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001, NS, p > 0.05. CA, clean air; F, female syconia before pollination; IF, interfloral syconia; M, male phase syconia; NC, number of irresponsive fig wasps; PF, pre-female syconia; PP, post-pollination syconia.
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