Differences in leaf mass per area, photosynthetic pigments and δ13C by orientation and crown position in five greening tree species

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Light, temperature and humidity conditions differ among individual leaves and may influence leaf morphology, anatomy, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and distribution and leaf photosynthetic processes. Our objective was to determine the influence of local microenvironment on structure and biophysical characteristics of leaves through research on changes of leaf morphology and biophysical indices along the lateral distribution of leaves within tree crowns and with orientation differences.

Methods We selected five tree species with wide crowns (Sophora japonica, Platanus orientalis, Ginkgo biloba, Ficus microcarpa and F. lacor) and measured leaf photosynthetic pigments (including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids), leaf mass per area (LMA) and carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C) along the horizontal distance from the sample point to the tree trunk and with different orientations in each tree species. Pigment content was measured by colorimetry, LMA as the ratio of leaf dry mass to fresh area and δ¹³C with a mass spectrograph.

Important findings Leaf δ¹³C and LMA increased and photosynthetic pigment decreased with horizontal distance from the sample point to the trunk. Leaf δ¹³C and LMA also differed by orientation, with southward leaves having the highest values, followed by westward leaves, and eastward leaves having the lowest values. Photosynthetic pigments had a more complex relation with orientation, although chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a to b ratio and carotenoids were the highest in eastward leaves. These results suggest that southward, westward and leaves on the outside of the crown have increased LMA, reduced stomatal aperture and photosynthetic pigment content and, as a result, decreased photosynthesis and increased δ¹³C values in response to stronger irradiance, higher temperature and lower humidity. Therefore, local microenvironmental differences within an individual tree greatly influence leaf morphological and biophysical characteristics.

Key words: carbon isotope ratio, carotenoid, chlorophyll, lateral spread of crown, leaf mass per area, orientation

HE Chun-Xia, LI Ji-Yue, ZHANG Yan-Xiang, ZHENG Quan-Shui, XIE Bo, DING Yi-Ting. Differences in leaf mass per area, photosynthetic pigments and δ¹³C by orientation and crown position in five greening tree species[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(2): 134-143.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2010/V34/I2/134

Figures/Tables 3

References 37

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树种 Tree species	LSC (m)	Chl a (mg·g^-1)	Chl b (mg·g^-1)	Chl (a+b) (mg·g^-1)	Car (mg·g^-1)	Chl a/b	δ¹³C (‰)	LMA (g·m^-2)
银杏 Ginkgo biloba	0.5	2.37 ± 0.52	0.42 ± 0.08	2.79 ± 0.59	0.19 ± 0.06	5.68 ± 0.48	-26.61 ± 0.38	51.64 ± 3.06
	8.0	2.07 ± 0.41	0.34 ± 0.06	2.41 ± 0.46	0.20 ± 0.04	6.09 ± 0.60	-26.22 ± 0.17	64.84 ± 3.32
	Sig.	0.67	0.48	0.64	0.93	0.61	0.38	0.03
悬铃木 Platanus orientalis	0.5	2.94 ± 0.28	0.96 ± 0.08	3.89 ± 0.36	0.15 ± 0.03	3.06 ± 0.08	-28.45 ± 0.33^a	45.73 ± 6.69^a
	5.0	-	-	-	-	-	-27.73 ± 0.00^a	53.61 ± 0.00^a
	9.5	2.25 ± 0.40	0.77 ± 0.09	3.03 ± 0.49	0.11 ± 0.02	2.85 ± 0.17	-27.64 ± 0.60^a	84.21 ± 27.17^b
	Sig.	0.21	0.19	0.21	0.43	0.30	0.45	0.36
国槐 Sophora japonica	1	1.93 ± 0.00^a	1.10 ± 0.00^a	3.03 ± 0.00^a	0.18 ± 0.00^a	1.76 ± 0.00^a	-28.79 ± 0.00^a	52.31 ± 0.00^a
	10	1.12 ± 0.12^b	0.70 ± 0.07^ab	1.82 ± 0.19^ab	0.09 ± 0.03^ab	1.61 ± 0.09^a	-27.79 ± 0.32^a	62.68 ± 1.09^ab
	20	0.91 ± 0.28^b	0.59 ± 0.17^b	1.50 ± 0.44^b	0.06 ± 0.02^b	1.53 ± 0.09^a	-27.51 ± 0.54^a	74.40 ± 5.80^b
	Sig.	0.05	0.10	0.07	0.06	0.33	0.26	0.03
黄葛榕 Ficus lacor	1	2.10 ± 0.10^a	0.96 ± 0.04^ab	3.06 ± 0.14^a	0.81 ± 0.05^a	2.20 ± 0.02^a	-28.52 ± 0.33^a	74.26 ± 5.30^a
	7	2.21 ± 0.05^a	0.95 ± 0.05^a	3.16 ± 0.08^a	0.98 ± 0.10^a	2.33 ± 0.12^a	-27.97 ± 0.10^a	70.83 ± 1.28^a
	12	1.84 ± 0.29^a	0.68 ± 0.11^b	2.52 ± 0.41^a	0.72 ± 0.04^a	2.70 ± 0.02^b	-26.97 ± 0.08^b	81.86 ± 8.82^a
	Sig.	0.31	0.09	0.19	0.21	0.05	0.03	0.50
榕树 F. microcarpa	2	1.35 ± 0.64^ab	0.62 ± 0.04^a	1.97 ± 0.68^ab	0.59 ± 0.27^ab	2.12 ± 0.88^ab	-28.62 ± 0.20^a	71.56 ± 8.28^a
	10	2.08 ± 0.12^a	0.68 ± 0.05^a	2.76 ± 0.17^a	0.91 ± 0.07^a	3.05 ± 0.07^a	-28.78 ± 0.19^a	71.92 ± 0.85^a
	15	1.08 ± 0.14^b	0.77 ± 0.14^a	1.85 ± 0.18^b	0.39 ± 0.08^b	1.62 ± 0.44^b	-28.43 ± 0.27^a	86.98 ± 5.72^a
	Sig.	0.02	0.73	0.06	0.02	0.09	0.56	0.10

树种 Tree species	LSC (m)	Chl a (mg·g^-1)	Chl b (mg·g^-1)	Chl (a+b) (mg·g^-1)	Car (mg·g^-1)	Chl a/b	δ¹³C (‰)	LMA (g·m^-2)
银杏 Ginkgo biloba	0.5	2.37 ± 0.52	0.42 ± 0.08	2.79 ± 0.59	0.19 ± 0.06	5.68 ± 0.48	-26.61 ± 0.38	51.64 ± 3.06
	8.0	2.07 ± 0.41	0.34 ± 0.06	2.41 ± 0.46	0.20 ± 0.04	6.09 ± 0.60	-26.22 ± 0.17	64.84 ± 3.32
	Sig.	0.67	0.48	0.64	0.93	0.61	0.38	0.03
悬铃木 Platanus orientalis	0.5	2.94 ± 0.28	0.96 ± 0.08	3.89 ± 0.36	0.15 ± 0.03	3.06 ± 0.08	-28.45 ± 0.33^a	45.73 ± 6.69^a
	5.0	-	-	-	-	-	-27.73 ± 0.00^a	53.61 ± 0.00^a
	9.5	2.25 ± 0.40	0.77 ± 0.09	3.03 ± 0.49	0.11 ± 0.02	2.85 ± 0.17	-27.64 ± 0.60^a	84.21 ± 27.17^b
	Sig.	0.21	0.19	0.21	0.43	0.30	0.45	0.36
国槐 Sophora japonica	1	1.93 ± 0.00^a	1.10 ± 0.00^a	3.03 ± 0.00^a	0.18 ± 0.00^a	1.76 ± 0.00^a	-28.79 ± 0.00^a	52.31 ± 0.00^a
	10	1.12 ± 0.12^b	0.70 ± 0.07^ab	1.82 ± 0.19^ab	0.09 ± 0.03^ab	1.61 ± 0.09^a	-27.79 ± 0.32^a	62.68 ± 1.09^ab
	20	0.91 ± 0.28^b	0.59 ± 0.17^b	1.50 ± 0.44^b	0.06 ± 0.02^b	1.53 ± 0.09^a	-27.51 ± 0.54^a	74.40 ± 5.80^b
	Sig.	0.05	0.10	0.07	0.06	0.33	0.26	0.03
黄葛榕 Ficus lacor	1	2.10 ± 0.10^a	0.96 ± 0.04^ab	3.06 ± 0.14^a	0.81 ± 0.05^a	2.20 ± 0.02^a	-28.52 ± 0.33^a	74.26 ± 5.30^a
	7	2.21 ± 0.05^a	0.95 ± 0.05^a	3.16 ± 0.08^a	0.98 ± 0.10^a	2.33 ± 0.12^a	-27.97 ± 0.10^a	70.83 ± 1.28^a
	12	1.84 ± 0.29^a	0.68 ± 0.11^b	2.52 ± 0.41^a	0.72 ± 0.04^a	2.70 ± 0.02^b	-26.97 ± 0.08^b	81.86 ± 8.82^a
	Sig.	0.31	0.09	0.19	0.21	0.05	0.03	0.50
榕树 F. microcarpa	2	1.35 ± 0.64^ab	0.62 ± 0.04^a	1.97 ± 0.68^ab	0.59 ± 0.27^ab	2.12 ± 0.88^ab	-28.62 ± 0.20^a	71.56 ± 8.28^a
	10	2.08 ± 0.12^a	0.68 ± 0.05^a	2.76 ± 0.17^a	0.91 ± 0.07^a	3.05 ± 0.07^a	-28.78 ± 0.19^a	71.92 ± 0.85^a
	15	1.08 ± 0.14^b	0.77 ± 0.14^a	1.85 ± 0.18^b	0.39 ± 0.08^b	1.62 ± 0.44^b	-28.43 ± 0.27^a	86.98 ± 5.72^a
	Sig.	0.02	0.73	0.06	0.02	0.09	0.56	0.10

树种 Tree species	方位Orientation	Chl a (mg·g^-1)	Chl b (mg·g^-1)	Chl (a+b) (mg·g^-1)	Car (mg·g^-1)	Chl a/b	δ¹³C (‰)	LMA (g·m^-2)
银杏 Ginkgo biloba	E	2.99 ± 0.70^a	0.42 ± 0.12^a	3.41 ± 0.82^a	0.32 ± 0.05^a	7.31 ± 0.45^a	-26.53 ± 0.42^a	52.80 ± 10.10^a
	S	2.63 ± 0.43^ab	0.46 ± 0.05^a	3.09 ± 0.48^ab	0.21 ± 0.06^ab	5.69 ± 0.34^b	-25.69 ± 0.20^a	60.02 ± 3.88^a
	W	2.11 ± 0.32^ab	0.45 ± 0.09^a	2.56 ± 0.41^ab	0.16 ± 0.01^b	4.77 ± 0.20^b	-26.92 ± 0.24^a	63.39 ± 10.73^a
	N	1.15 ± 0.01^b	0.20 ± 0.00^a	1.35 ± 0.01^b	0.10 ± 0.01^b	5.77 ± 0.17^b	-26.52 ± 0.33^a	56.73 ± 1.69^a
	Sig.	0.14	0.20	0.15	0.07	0.02	0.17	0.79
悬铃木 Platanus orientalis	E	3.40 ± 0.13^a	1.07 ± 0.07^a	4.48 ± 0.20^a	0.20 ± 0.04^a	3.18 ± 0.07^a	-29.28 ± 0.25^a	42.19 ± 5.42^a
	S	2.60 ± 0.27^ab	0.84 ± 0.05^ab	3.44 ± 0.32^ab	0.11 ± 0.01^b	3.10 ± 0.15^a	-27.41 ± 1.01^a	103.48 ± 61.09^a
	W	1.77 ± 0.43^b	0.66 ± 0.10^b	2.43 ± 0.54^b	0.09 ± 0.01^b	2.66 ± 0.24^a	-27.33 ± 0.07^a	67.51 ± 2.03^a
	N	2.61 ± 0.53^ab	0.90 ± 0.15^ab	3.51 ± 0.68^ab	0.12 ± 0.00^ab	2.87 ± 0.12^a	-28.44 ± 0.03^a	46.71 ± 8.40^a
	Sig.	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.08	0.22	0.15	0.55
国槐 Sophora japonica	E	1.47 ± 0.00^a	0.85 ± 0.03^a	2.32 ± 0.03^a	0.14 ± 0.02^a	1.73 ± 0.06^a	-28.86 ± 0.21^a	65.92 ± 3.34^a
	S	0.92 ± 0.02^ab	0.64 ± 0.08^a	1.56 ± 0.10^ab	0.05 ± 0.01^b	1.46 ± 0.15^a	-26.92 ± 0.33^b	73.48 ± 7.79^a
	W	0.58 ± 0.42^b	0.35 ± 0.25^a	0.93 ± 0.67^b	0.04 ± 0.04^b	1.58 ± 0.10^a	-27.25 ± 0.15^b	73.44 ± 12.91^a
	N	1.10 ± 0.01^ab	0.73 ± 0.08^a	1.83 ± 0.09^ab	0.06 ± 0.01^ab	1.52 ± 0.15^a	-27.58 ± 0.31^b	61.31 ± 0.60^a
	Sig.	0.15	0.25	0.17	0.10	0.49	0.15	0.55
黄葛榕 Ficus lacor	E	2.13 ± 0.13^a	0.90 ± 0.02^a	3.03 ± 0.11^a	0.83 ± 0.06^a	2.37 ± 0.19^a	-29.40 ± 0.00^a	68.61 ± 0.00^a
	S	1.90 ± 0.21^a	0.79 ± 0.14^a	2.69 ± 0.35^a	0.85 ± 0.17^a	2.46 ± 0.16^a	-27.70 ± 0.34_b	80.78 ± 5.40^a
	W	2.30 ± 0.14^a	0.99 ± 0.11^a	3.30 ± 0.25^a	0.87 ± 0.07^a	2.36 ± 0.16^a	-27.94 ± 0.57^ab	70.52 ± 1.28^a
	N	1.91 ± 0.20^a	0.75 ± 0.18^a	2.66 ± 0.37^a	0.80 ± 0.06^a	2.65 ± 0.37^a	-29.24 ± 0.00^a	69.17 ± 0.00^a
	Sig.	0.36	0.56	0.43	0.97	0.78	0.07	0.12
榕树 F. microcarpa	E	1.65 ± 0.66^a	0.81 ± 0.00^a	2.46 ± 0.67^a	0.62 ± 0.43^a	2.03 ± 0.81^a	-28.98 ± 0.54^a	59.25 ± 11.64^a
	S	1.67 ± 0.07^a	0.52 ± 0.05^a	2.20 ± 0.12^a	0.68 ± 0.04^a	3.20 ± 0.15^a	-28.50 ± 0.44^a	95.58 ± 9.41^b
	W	1.62 ± 0.51^a	0.97 ± 0.30^a	2.59 ± 0.20^a	0.62 ± 0.29^a	2.04 ± 1.16^a	-29.04 ± 0.21^a	82.88 ± 8.64^ab
	N	1.54 ± 0.58^a	0.70 ± 0.01^a	2.24 ± 0.57^a	0.63 ± 0.32^a	2.23 ± 0.86^a	-29.10 ± 0.61^a	76.34 ± 5.86^a
	Sig.	1.00	0.34	0.91	1.00	0.73	0.80	0.18

树种 Tree species	方位Orientation	Chl a (mg·g^-1)	Chl b (mg·g^-1)	Chl (a+b) (mg·g^-1)	Car (mg·g^-1)	Chl a/b	δ¹³C (‰)	LMA (g·m^-2)
银杏 Ginkgo biloba	E	2.99 ± 0.70^a	0.42 ± 0.12^a	3.41 ± 0.82^a	0.32 ± 0.05^a	7.31 ± 0.45^a	-26.53 ± 0.42^a	52.80 ± 10.10^a
	S	2.63 ± 0.43^ab	0.46 ± 0.05^a	3.09 ± 0.48^ab	0.21 ± 0.06^ab	5.69 ± 0.34^b	-25.69 ± 0.20^a	60.02 ± 3.88^a
	W	2.11 ± 0.32^ab	0.45 ± 0.09^a	2.56 ± 0.41^ab	0.16 ± 0.01^b	4.77 ± 0.20^b	-26.92 ± 0.24^a	63.39 ± 10.73^a
	N	1.15 ± 0.01^b	0.20 ± 0.00^a	1.35 ± 0.01^b	0.10 ± 0.01^b	5.77 ± 0.17^b	-26.52 ± 0.33^a	56.73 ± 1.69^a
	Sig.	0.14	0.20	0.15	0.07	0.02	0.17	0.79
悬铃木 Platanus orientalis	E	3.40 ± 0.13^a	1.07 ± 0.07^a	4.48 ± 0.20^a	0.20 ± 0.04^a	3.18 ± 0.07^a	-29.28 ± 0.25^a	42.19 ± 5.42^a
	S	2.60 ± 0.27^ab	0.84 ± 0.05^ab	3.44 ± 0.32^ab	0.11 ± 0.01^b	3.10 ± 0.15^a	-27.41 ± 1.01^a	103.48 ± 61.09^a
	W	1.77 ± 0.43^b	0.66 ± 0.10^b	2.43 ± 0.54^b	0.09 ± 0.01^b	2.66 ± 0.24^a	-27.33 ± 0.07^a	67.51 ± 2.03^a
	N	2.61 ± 0.53^ab	0.90 ± 0.15^ab	3.51 ± 0.68^ab	0.12 ± 0.00^ab	2.87 ± 0.12^a	-28.44 ± 0.03^a	46.71 ± 8.40^a
	Sig.	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.08	0.22	0.15	0.55
国槐 Sophora japonica	E	1.47 ± 0.00^a	0.85 ± 0.03^a	2.32 ± 0.03^a	0.14 ± 0.02^a	1.73 ± 0.06^a	-28.86 ± 0.21^a	65.92 ± 3.34^a
	S	0.92 ± 0.02^ab	0.64 ± 0.08^a	1.56 ± 0.10^ab	0.05 ± 0.01^b	1.46 ± 0.15^a	-26.92 ± 0.33^b	73.48 ± 7.79^a
	W	0.58 ± 0.42^b	0.35 ± 0.25^a	0.93 ± 0.67^b	0.04 ± 0.04^b	1.58 ± 0.10^a	-27.25 ± 0.15^b	73.44 ± 12.91^a
	N	1.10 ± 0.01^ab	0.73 ± 0.08^a	1.83 ± 0.09^ab	0.06 ± 0.01^ab	1.52 ± 0.15^a	-27.58 ± 0.31^b	61.31 ± 0.60^a
	Sig.	0.15	0.25	0.17	0.10	0.49	0.15	0.55
黄葛榕 Ficus lacor	E	2.13 ± 0.13^a	0.90 ± 0.02^a	3.03 ± 0.11^a	0.83 ± 0.06^a	2.37 ± 0.19^a	-29.40 ± 0.00^a	68.61 ± 0.00^a
	S	1.90 ± 0.21^a	0.79 ± 0.14^a	2.69 ± 0.35^a	0.85 ± 0.17^a	2.46 ± 0.16^a	-27.70 ± 0.34_b	80.78 ± 5.40^a
	W	2.30 ± 0.14^a	0.99 ± 0.11^a	3.30 ± 0.25^a	0.87 ± 0.07^a	2.36 ± 0.16^a	-27.94 ± 0.57^ab	70.52 ± 1.28^a
	N	1.91 ± 0.20^a	0.75 ± 0.18^a	2.66 ± 0.37^a	0.80 ± 0.06^a	2.65 ± 0.37^a	-29.24 ± 0.00^a	69.17 ± 0.00^a
	Sig.	0.36	0.56	0.43	0.97	0.78	0.07	0.12
榕树 F. microcarpa	E	1.65 ± 0.66^a	0.81 ± 0.00^a	2.46 ± 0.67^a	0.62 ± 0.43^a	2.03 ± 0.81^a	-28.98 ± 0.54^a	59.25 ± 11.64^a
	S	1.67 ± 0.07^a	0.52 ± 0.05^a	2.20 ± 0.12^a	0.68 ± 0.04^a	3.20 ± 0.15^a	-28.50 ± 0.44^a	95.58 ± 9.41^b
	W	1.62 ± 0.51^a	0.97 ± 0.30^a	2.59 ± 0.20^a	0.62 ± 0.29^a	2.04 ± 1.16^a	-29.04 ± 0.21^a	82.88 ± 8.64^ab
	N	1.54 ± 0.58^a	0.70 ± 0.01^a	2.24 ± 0.57^a	0.63 ± 0.32^a	2.23 ± 0.86^a	-29.10 ± 0.61^a	76.34 ± 5.86^a
	Sig.	1.00	0.34	0.91	1.00	0.73	0.80	0.18

树种 Tree species		开度 LSC						方位 Orientation
树种 Tree species		LMA	Chl a	Chl b	Chl (a+b)	Car	Chl a/b		LMA	Chl a	Chl b	Chl (a+b)	Car	Chl a/b
榕树 Ficus microcarpa	r	-0.341	-0.449	-0.186	-0.456	-0.354	-0.392	0.254		-0.499	-0.321	-0.678	-0.505	-0.174
榕树 Ficus microcarpa	Sig.	0.336	0.193	0.608	0.186	0.315	0.263	0.543		0.208	0.439	0.065	0.202	0.680
黄葛榕 F. lacor	r	0.534	-0.500	-0.737	-0.608	-0.326	0.863*	0.671*		0.386	0.477	0.429	0.556	-0.425
黄葛榕 F. lacor	Sig.	0.275	0.313	0.095	0.201	0.528	0.027	0.034		0.271	0.164	0.216	0.095	0.221
国槐 Sophora japonica	r	0.604	-0.572	-0.543	-0.565	-0.45	-0.453	0.406		-0.707	-0.567	-0.662	-0.793*	-0.582
国槐 Sophora japonica	Sig.	0.064	0.084	0.105	0.089	0.192	0.189	0.318		0.050	0.142	0.074	0.019	0.130
悬铃木 Platanus orientalis	r	0.618	0.385	0.359	0.381	0.502	0.415	0.812*		-0.48	-0.539	-0.493	-0.607	-0.220
悬铃木 Platanus orientalis	Sig.	0.057	0.346	0.383	0.352	0.205	0.307	0.014		0.229	0.168	0.214	0.111	0.601
银杏 Ginkgo biloba	r	0.319	0.326	-0.002	0.285	0.609	0.614	0.319		0.283	0.203	0.276	0.156	0.055
银杏 Ginkgo biloba	Sig.	0.441	0.431	0.995	0.494	0.109	0.106	0.441		0.497	0.63	0.509	0.712	0.896

Differences in leaf mass per area, photosynthetic pigments and δ¹³C by orientation and crown position in five greening tree species

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