Growth metabolism of wheat under drought stress at the jointing-booting stage

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0107

Abstract

Abstract: AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought stress on primary, secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways in the leaves of wheat, these parameters were evaluated to determine the physiological adaptive mechanisms by which wheat tolerates drought stress at the jointing-booting stage.MethodsA pot experiment was carried out in rain-proof shelter. The relative growth rate, photosynthetic characteristics and metabolism seedlings exposed to stresses lasting 12 days at jointing-booting stage were measured.Important findings The results displayed that the photosynthesis decreased under drought stress, causing the decreases of relative growth rate and dry matter mass. Profiles of 64 key metabolites produced by wheat including organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, purine, etc. were examined, 29 of them were changed significantly under drought stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 64% variations can be explained by the two principal components. One-way ANOVA analysis results revealed that long term drought stress decreased malic acid, citric acid and aconitic acid significantly, indicating inhibited tricarboxylic acid cycle. We further found that prolonged drought stress led to accumulation of progressive amino acids (proline, serine, valine) and carbohydrates (myo-inositol, fructose, clucose) in wheat leaves and depletion of transamination products (asparagine, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid). These results imply wheat may enhance its drought tolerance mainly by increasing amino acid biosynthesis and glycolysis under water-deficit conditions. Our findings suggest that drought condition altered metabolic networks including transamination, the tricarboxylic cycle, gluconeogenesis/glycolysis, glutamate-mediated proline biosynthesis, and the metabolisms of choline, pyrimidine and purine. This study provides new insights into the metabolic adaptation of wheat to drought stress and important information for developing drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.

Key words: wheat, jointing-booting stage, drought stress, growth characters, metabolites profiles

Rui GUO, Ji ZHOU, Fan YANG, Feng LI, Hao-Ru LI, Xu XIA, Qi LIU. Growth metabolism of wheat under drought stress at the jointing-booting stage[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2016, 40(12): 1319-1327.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2016/V40/I12/1319

Figures/Tables 4

References 28

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水分处理 Water treatment	光合参数 Photosynthetic indices		荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence			叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content
水分处理 Water treatment	净光合速率 P_n (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	PSII原初光能转换效率 F_v/F_m	光化学淬灭系数q_P	PSII的表观光合电子传递速率 ETR	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll contents (g·kg^-1 fresh mass)	叶绿素a/ 叶绿素b Chl a/Chl b
对照 Control	14.98 ± 0.63^a	0.29 ± 0.01^a	0.73 ± 0.02^a	0.22 ± 0.05^a	28.28 ± 3.36^a	4.29 ± 0.88^a	2.16 ± 0.23^a
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	3.15 ± 0.37^b	0.04 ± 0.00^b	0.31 ± 0.03^b	0.09 ± 0.00^b	12.49 ± 1.33^b	2.01 ± 0.63^b	1.31 ± 0.14^b

水分处理 Water treatment	光合参数 Photosynthetic indices		荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence			叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content
水分处理 Water treatment	净光合速率 P_n (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	PSII原初光能转换效率 F_v/F_m	光化学淬灭系数q_P	PSII的表观光合电子传递速率 ETR	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll contents (g·kg^-1 fresh mass)	叶绿素a/ 叶绿素b Chl a/Chl b
对照 Control	14.98 ± 0.63^a	0.29 ± 0.01^a	0.73 ± 0.02^a	0.22 ± 0.05^a	28.28 ± 3.36^a	4.29 ± 0.88^a	2.16 ± 0.23^a
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	3.15 ± 0.37^b	0.04 ± 0.00^b	0.31 ± 0.03^b	0.09 ± 0.00^b	12.49 ± 1.33^b	2.01 ± 0.63^b	1.31 ± 0.14^b

代谢通路 Metabolic Pathway	代谢产物 Metabolite	相对含量 Relative concentration		变化率 Rate of change Log₂(DS/CK)
代谢通路 Metabolic Pathway	代谢产物 Metabolite	对照组 Control (CK)	干旱胁迫组 DS	变化率 Rate of change Log₂(DS/CK)
三羧酸循环 The tricarboxylic acid cycle	草酸 Oxalic acid	1.85	1.03	-0.84
	柠檬酸 Citric acid	6.39	2.24	-1.51^*
	乌头酸 Aconitic acid	3.37	1.65	-1.03^*
	异柠檬酸 Isocitric acid	1.01	0.64	-0.66
	Α-酮戊二酸 α-Ketoglutaric acid	0.31	0.12	-1.37^*
	琥珀酸 Succinic acid	1.46	0.99	-0.56
	延胡索酸 Fumaric acid	0.59	0.27	-1.13^*
	苹果酸 Malic acid	44.28	15.78	-1.49^*
糖酵解 Glycolysis	丙酮酸 Pyruvate	0.36	0.42	0.21
	磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸 Phosphoenolpyruvate	0.00	0.00	1.52^*
	葡萄糖-6-磷酸 Fructose-6-phosphate	0.00	0.01	1.05^*
	果糖-6-磷酸 Glucose-6-phosphate	0.05	0.11	1.09^*
	葡萄糖 Glucose	0.02	0.05	1.41^*
氨基酸类 Amino acids	脯氨酸 Proline	1.76	58.64	5.06^*
	丙氨酸 Alanine	3.13	2.93	-0.10
	苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine	0.88	1.14	0.38
	天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid	14.38	6.41	-1.17^*
	天冬酰胺 Asparagine	0.11	0.39	1.83^*
	甘氨酸 Glycine	0.26	0.53	1.03^*
	丝氨酸 Serine	5.90	11.90	1.01^*
	苏氨酸 Threonine	0.01	0.01	0.59
	谷氨酸 Glutamate	0.47	1.41	1.60^*
	谷氨酰胺 Glutamine	1.41	0.37	-1.93^*
	缬氨酸 Valine	3.62	12.09	1.74^*
	半胱氨酸 Cysteine	0.03	0.05	0.72
	异亮氨酸 Isoleucine	1.61	7.09	2.14^*
	亮氨酸 Leucine	0.36	1.52	2.06^*
	赖氨酸 Lysine	0.46	0.48	0.07
	甲硫氨酸 Methionine	0.50	0.38	-0.40
	色氨酸 Tryptophan	0.05	0.05	0.05
	酪氨酸 Tyrosine	0.01	0.01	-0.12
	鸟氨酸 Ornithine	0.22	0.19	-0.18
	瓜氨酸 Citrulline	0.06	0.10	0.85
糖类及多元醇 Sugars and polyols	蔗糖 Sucrose	12.77	6.37	-1.00^*
	果糖 Fructose	1.09	2.21	1.03^*
	半乳糖 Galactose	0.19	0.29	0.63
	木糖 Xylose	0.06	0.09	0.62
	海藻糖 Trehalose	0.02	0.04	0.97^*
	肌醇 Myo-inositol	15.06	30.85	1.03^*
	甘露糖 Mannose	21.27	20.53	-0.05
	纤维二糖 Cellobiose	0.04	0.03	-0.48
	阿卓糖 Altrose	1.03	1.34	0.39
	葡庚糖 Glucoheptose	0.38	0.48	0.35
	夫糖 Fucose	0.08	0.09	0.13
表2 (续) Table 2 (continued)
代谢通路 Metabolic Pathway	代谢产物 Metabolite	相对含量 Relative concentration		变化率 Rate of change Log₂(DS/CK)
代谢通路 Metabolic Pathway	代谢产物 Metabolite	对照组 Control (CK)	干旱胁迫组 DS	变化率 Rate of change Log₂(DS/CK)
糖类及多元醇 Sugars and polyols	半乳糖苷 Galactinol	1.57	1.34	-0.23
	龙胆二糖 Gentiobiose	0.09	0.20	1.14^*
	乳糖 Lactose	0.07	0.05	-0.68
	苏糖 Threose	0.03	0.03	0.15
	来苏糖 Lyxose	20.14	27.01	0.42
	景天庚糖 Sedoheptulose	0.02	0.04	1.04^*
	塔格糖 Tagatose	1.74	2.73	0.65
核苷酸衍生物 Nucleotides derivatives	尿嘧啶 Uridine	0.03	0.03	-0.06
	胸腺嘧啶 Thymidine	1.82	0.68	-1.42^*
	鸟嘌呤 Guanosine	0.27	0.17	-0.65
	次黄嘌呤 Hypoxanthine	0.25	0.11	-1.14^*
有机酸及其他代谢产物 Organic acids and others	γ-氨基丁酸 γ-aminobutyric acid	28.23	15.43	-0.87^*
	莽草酸 Shikimic acid	11.89	12.61	0.08
	奎尼酸 Quinic acid	2.77	2.70	-0.04
	乙醇酸 Glyceric acid	1.34	1.42	0.09
	乙醇胺 Ethanolamine	0.81	0.36	-1.16^*
	肉桂酸 Cinnamic acid	0.03	0.04	0.25
	绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid	0.28	0.18	-0.66
	阿魏酸 Ferulic acid	0.06	0.06	0.12
	琥珀酸半醛 Succinate semialdehyde	0.04	0.06	0.63

代谢通路 Metabolic Pathway	代谢产物 Metabolite	相对含量 Relative concentration		变化率 Rate of change Log₂(DS/CK)
代谢通路 Metabolic Pathway	代谢产物 Metabolite	对照组 Control (CK)	干旱胁迫组 DS	变化率 Rate of change Log₂(DS/CK)
三羧酸循环 The tricarboxylic acid cycle	草酸 Oxalic acid	1.85	1.03	-0.84
	柠檬酸 Citric acid	6.39	2.24	-1.51^*
	乌头酸 Aconitic acid	3.37	1.65	-1.03^*
	异柠檬酸 Isocitric acid	1.01	0.64	-0.66
	Α-酮戊二酸 α-Ketoglutaric acid	0.31	0.12	-1.37^*
	琥珀酸 Succinic acid	1.46	0.99	-0.56
	延胡索酸 Fumaric acid	0.59	0.27	-1.13^*
	苹果酸 Malic acid	44.28	15.78	-1.49^*
糖酵解 Glycolysis	丙酮酸 Pyruvate	0.36	0.42	0.21
	磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸 Phosphoenolpyruvate	0.00	0.00	1.52^*
	葡萄糖-6-磷酸 Fructose-6-phosphate	0.00	0.01	1.05^*
	果糖-6-磷酸 Glucose-6-phosphate	0.05	0.11	1.09^*
	葡萄糖 Glucose	0.02	0.05	1.41^*
氨基酸类 Amino acids	脯氨酸 Proline	1.76	58.64	5.06^*
	丙氨酸 Alanine	3.13	2.93	-0.10
	苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine	0.88	1.14	0.38
	天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid	14.38	6.41	-1.17^*
	天冬酰胺 Asparagine	0.11	0.39	1.83^*
	甘氨酸 Glycine	0.26	0.53	1.03^*
	丝氨酸 Serine	5.90	11.90	1.01^*
	苏氨酸 Threonine	0.01	0.01	0.59
	谷氨酸 Glutamate	0.47	1.41	1.60^*
	谷氨酰胺 Glutamine	1.41	0.37	-1.93^*
	缬氨酸 Valine	3.62	12.09	1.74^*
	半胱氨酸 Cysteine	0.03	0.05	0.72
	异亮氨酸 Isoleucine	1.61	7.09	2.14^*
	亮氨酸 Leucine	0.36	1.52	2.06^*
	赖氨酸 Lysine	0.46	0.48	0.07
	甲硫氨酸 Methionine	0.50	0.38	-0.40
	色氨酸 Tryptophan	0.05	0.05	0.05
	酪氨酸 Tyrosine	0.01	0.01	-0.12
	鸟氨酸 Ornithine	0.22	0.19	-0.18
	瓜氨酸 Citrulline	0.06	0.10	0.85
糖类及多元醇 Sugars and polyols	蔗糖 Sucrose	12.77	6.37	-1.00^*
	果糖 Fructose	1.09	2.21	1.03^*
	半乳糖 Galactose	0.19	0.29	0.63
	木糖 Xylose	0.06	0.09	0.62
	海藻糖 Trehalose	0.02	0.04	0.97^*
	肌醇 Myo-inositol	15.06	30.85	1.03^*
	甘露糖 Mannose	21.27	20.53	-0.05
	纤维二糖 Cellobiose	0.04	0.03	-0.48
	阿卓糖 Altrose	1.03	1.34	0.39
	葡庚糖 Glucoheptose	0.38	0.48	0.35
	夫糖 Fucose	0.08	0.09	0.13
表2 (续) Table 2 (continued)
代谢通路 Metabolic Pathway	代谢产物 Metabolite	相对含量 Relative concentration		变化率 Rate of change Log₂(DS/CK)
代谢通路 Metabolic Pathway	代谢产物 Metabolite	对照组 Control (CK)	干旱胁迫组 DS	变化率 Rate of change Log₂(DS/CK)
糖类及多元醇 Sugars and polyols	半乳糖苷 Galactinol	1.57	1.34	-0.23
	龙胆二糖 Gentiobiose	0.09	0.20	1.14^*
	乳糖 Lactose	0.07	0.05	-0.68
	苏糖 Threose	0.03	0.03	0.15
	来苏糖 Lyxose	20.14	27.01	0.42
	景天庚糖 Sedoheptulose	0.02	0.04	1.04^*
	塔格糖 Tagatose	1.74	2.73	0.65
核苷酸衍生物 Nucleotides derivatives	尿嘧啶 Uridine	0.03	0.03	-0.06
	胸腺嘧啶 Thymidine	1.82	0.68	-1.42^*
	鸟嘌呤 Guanosine	0.27	0.17	-0.65
	次黄嘌呤 Hypoxanthine	0.25	0.11	-1.14^*
有机酸及其他代谢产物 Organic acids and others	γ-氨基丁酸 γ-aminobutyric acid	28.23	15.43	-0.87^*
	莽草酸 Shikimic acid	11.89	12.61	0.08
	奎尼酸 Quinic acid	2.77	2.70	-0.04
	乙醇酸 Glyceric acid	1.34	1.42	0.09
	乙醇胺 Ethanolamine	0.81	0.36	-1.16^*
	肉桂酸 Cinnamic acid	0.03	0.04	0.25
	绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid	0.28	0.18	-0.66
	阿魏酸 Ferulic acid	0.06	0.06	0.12
	琥珀酸半醛 Succinate semialdehyde	0.04	0.06	0.63

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