两种沉水植物黑藻和伊乐藻的种间竞争

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用取代系列实验方法,主要从竞争期的长短出发,研究了黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)的种间竞争关系,并考查了在不同底质(土壤)肥力下两者种间竞争能力的变化情况。实验发现,伊乐藻由于具有较强的耐寒能力,在冬春时空竞争方面占有明显的优势,从而在周年实验中表现出较强的竞争优势,取代黑藻生长。而在短期实验中,黑藻由于可在水面生长形成较上位的冠层的特性,与伊乐藻相比在水体上层空间占领和阳光获取方面具有一定的优势,因此造成两种间竞争的不平衡,竞争偏利于黑藻,且这种优势随底质(土壤)肥力的增加而有所增强,但并没有明显取代现象的发生,两物种可以在混合种群中共存。

关键词: 伊乐藻, 黑藻, 竞争, 取代系列实验, 沉水植物, 土壤肥力

Abstract:

Aims Elodea nuttallii and Hydrilla verticillata have similar morphology. E. nuttallii is an alien aquatic plant introduced into China in 1980s. Both species occupy similar habitat; therefore, they are potential competitors. We investigated: 1) weather inter-specific competition occurred, 2) which species had superior competitive abilities, and 3) what factors influenced competitive results.

Methods Two replacement series experiments were carried out to analyze interspecific competition between E. nuttallii and H. verticillata. In replacement series experiments, the planting densities of the two species were varied but the total density was held constant. The first experiment assessed competitive ability at two levels of soil fertility, and the second investigated the long-term competitive growth of E. nuttallii and H. verticillata.

Important findings E. nuttallii had superior cold resistance and advantages in competing for space-time during winter and spring, so it grew well in the long-term experiment and eventually replaced H. verticillata. In the short-term experiment, H. verticillata formed an upper canopy, giving it advantages in competing for light and occupying the water surface, causing imbalanced competition between H. verticillata and E. nuttallii. H. verticillata was the stronger competitor at both levels of soil fertility, and increased soil fertility could strengthen its competitive abilities; however, it could not replace E. nuttallii and they could coexist in the mixed population. This study suggests competitive abilities are integrated abilities of plants and those morphological traits, life history traits and environmental factors could affect the results of competition. Therefore, investigations of plant interactions should encompass a wide array of factors.

Key words: Elodea nuttallii, Hydrilla verticillata, competition, replacement series experiment, submerged macrophyte, soil fertility

许经伟, 李伟, 刘贵华, 张利静, 刘文治. 两种沉水植物黑藻和伊乐藻的种间竞争. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(1): 83-92. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0011

XU Jing-Wei, LI Wei, LIU Gui-Hua, ZHANG Li-Jing, LIU Wen-Zhi. INTER-SPECIFIC COMPETITION BETWEEN TWO SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES, ELODEA NUTTALLII AND HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(1): 83-92. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0011

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0011

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I1/83

图/表 6

参考文献 46

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指标名称 Name of indices	缩写 Abbreviation	公式 Formulae	来源 Source
相对产量	RY	RY_a=Y_ab/(p_aY_a)	Fowler(1982)
Relative yield		RY_b=Y_ba/(p_bY_b)
相对产量总和	RYT_ab	RYT_ab=RY_a+RY_b	de Wit(1960); de Wit
Relative yield total			& van den Bergh(1965)
相对竞争强度	RCI^*	RCI_a=(p_aY_a-Y_ab)/p_aY_a=	Grace(1995)
Relative competitive intensity		1-RY_a
竞争攻击力	AG	AG=0.5(RY_a-RY_b)	McGilchrist & Trenbath( 1971)
Aggressivity
相对拥挤系数	RCC^*	RCC_a=p_bY_ab/p_a (Y_a-Y_ab)	Firbank & Watkinson( 1985)
Relative crowding coefficient

指标名称 Name of indices	缩写 Abbreviation	公式 Formulae	来源 Source
相对产量	RY	RY_a=Y_ab/(p_aY_a)	Fowler(1982)
Relative yield		RY_b=Y_ba/(p_bY_b)
相对产量总和	RYT_ab	RYT_ab=RY_a+RY_b	de Wit(1960); de Wit
Relative yield total			& van den Bergh(1965)
相对竞争强度	RCI^*	RCI_a=(p_aY_a-Y_ab)/p_aY_a=	Grace(1995)
Relative competitive intensity		1-RY_a
竞争攻击力	AG	AG=0.5(RY_a-RY_b)	McGilchrist & Trenbath( 1971)
Aggressivity
相对拥挤系数	RCC^*	RCC_a=p_bY_ab/p_a (Y_a-Y_ab)	Firbank & Watkinson( 1985)
Relative crowding coefficient

底质肥力 Fertility	伊乐藻Elodea nuttallii			黑藻Hydrilla verticillata
底质肥力 Fertility	最大茎长 MSL(cm)	茎伸长速率^* SER(cm·d^-1)	地下/地上 Root/Shoot	最大茎长 MSL(cm)	茎伸长速率^* SER(cm·d^-1)	地下/地上 Root/Shoot
低Low	50.75	0.89	0.022	121.67	2.12	0.062
高High	62.58	1.39	0.019	130.24	2.50	0.026

底质肥力 Fertility	伊乐藻Elodea nuttallii			黑藻Hydrilla verticillata
底质肥力 Fertility	最大茎长 MSL(cm)	茎伸长速率^* SER(cm·d^-1)	地下/地上 Root/Shoot	最大茎长 MSL(cm)	茎伸长速率^* SER(cm·d^-1)	地下/地上 Root/Shoot
低Low	50.75	0.89	0.022	121.67	2.12	0.062
高High	62.58	1.39	0.019	130.24	2.50	0.026

指标 Indices	营养水平 Level	密度设置 Density setup (N_e∶N_h)
指标 Indices	营养水平 Level	1(20∶0)	2(15∶5)	3(10∶10)	4(5∶15)	5(0∶20)
RY_e	低Low	-	0.806 7±0.135 6	0.920 3±0.191 2	0.556 4±0.047 0	-
	高High	-	0.665 0±0.007 4	0.729 2±0.043 4	0.434 9±0.103 2	-
RY_h	低Low	-	1.128 8±0.035 1	1.021 6±0.113 3	1.083 6±0.222 4	-
	高High	-	1.075 0±0.031 1	1.031 2±0.039 6	1.025 2±0.071 3	-
RYT	低Low	-	0.967 7±0.050 3	0.970 9±0.134 6	0.820 0±0.128 4	-
	高High	-	0.870 0±0.018 8	0.880 2±0.010 4	0.730 0±0.083 6	-
AG	低Low	-	-0.161 0±0.085 3	-0.051 0±0.081 2	-0.263 6±0.096 7	-
	高High	-	-0.205 0±0.012 6	-0.151 0±0.040 2	-0.295 2±0.029 6	-
RCI_e	低Low	-	0.193 3±0.135 6	0.079 7±0.191 2	0.443 6±0.047 0	-
	高High	-	0.335 0±0.007 4	0.270 8±0.043 4	0.565 1±0.103 2	-
RCI_h	低Low	-	-0.128 8±0.035 1	-0.022 0±0.113 3	-0.084 0±0.222 4	-
	高High	-	-0.075 0±0.031 1	-0.031 0±0.039 6	-0.025 0±0.071 3	-
RCC_e	低Low	-	0.544 6±0.199 1	0.892 0±0.337 4	0.485 2±0.047 9	-
	高High	-	0.331 7±0.007 3	0.575 0±0.052 9	0.367 8±0.097 0	-
RCC_h	低Low	-	1.179 8±0.051 5	1.062 9±0.243 7	1.242 9±0.955 9	-
	高High	-	1.102 9±0.043 8	1.066 8±0.085 7	1.156 8±0.310 3	-