秋季水位波动频率对喜旱莲子草、粉绿狐尾藻和水龙的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水位波动对水生植物的生长有显著影响。该文通过设置0次(对照)、1次、2次和4次水位波动频率, 研究了入侵种喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、外来种粉绿狐尾藻(又称聚叶狐尾藻, Myriophyllum aquaticum)和乡土种水龙(Ludwigia adscendens = Jussiaea reppens)对水位波动的形态和生理响应策略。结果显示: 水位波动对喜旱莲子草的分枝数、根冠比和最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)无明显影响, 但明显增加了株高(水位波动1次除外), 降低了生物量和叶绿素含量; 粉绿狐尾藻的分枝数和F_v/F_m在不同水位波动下无明显变化, 但株高在2次水位波动下明显增加, 根冠比在1次和4次水位波动下明显增加, 生物量和叶绿素含量(4次水位波动除外)在水位波动后明显降低; 水位波动明显降低了水龙的分枝数(2次水位波动除外)、株高(1次和2次水位波动除外)、总生物量(2次水位波动除外)和叶绿素含量, 但对水龙的根冠比和F_v/F_m无明显影响。水龙的分枝数、株高、总生物量、叶绿素含量和F_v/F_m在绝大部分水位波动处理下都明显大于喜旱莲子草和粉绿狐尾藻, 而且后二者间没有显著区别。以上结果说明在秋季这3个物种的生长都受到水位波动的抑制, 喜旱莲子草和粉绿狐尾藻在秋季水位波动生境中并不能表现出较强的生长能力, 但对水位波动具有较强的耐受性和可塑性, 这与入侵种较强的入侵性有关。应加强防范外来种粉绿狐尾藻的入侵。

关键词: 水位波动, 喜旱莲子草, 粉绿狐尾藻, 水龙, 形态, 生理

Abstract: Aims

In wetlands, water levels can fluctuate, which often disturbs local organisms, such as aquatic plants. The responses of Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum, and Ludwigia adscendens to water level fluctuations of different frequencies were examined here.

Methods

Water level fluctuations were simulated at four frequencies: static (0 frequency), one cycle (1 frequency), two cycles (2 frequency), and four cycles (4 frequency), and with fluctuation amplitudes (± 25 cm) during a 60 day experiment. Morphological and physiological traits of plants, including branching number, shoot length, total biomass, shoot root ratio, chlorophyll content, and maximum PSII quantum efficiency(F_v/F_m) were assessed.

Important findings

Water level fluctuation was found to have no significant impact on branching number, root shoot ratio, or F_v/F_m of A. philoxeroides,but all scenarios except 1 frequency were significantly associated with longer shoots and lower total biomass and chlorophyll content. The traits of M. aquaticumshowed different responses to water level fluctuation: branching number and F_v/F_m showed no changes, but shoot length (2 frequency) and root shoot ratio (1 and 4 frequency) increased significantly, and total biomass and chlorophyll content (expect 4 frequency) decreased. In L. adscendens, water level fluctuation was associated with lower branching number in all scenarios except 2 frequency, shoot length in all scenarios except 1 and 2 frequency, total biomass in all scenarios except 2 frequency, and chlorophyll content but had no significant effects on root shoot ratio or F_v/F_m. Under most water level fluctuation conditions, the branching number, shoot length, total biomass, chlorophyll content, and F_v/F_m of L. adscendens were significant higher than those of A. philoxeroides and M. aquaticum, and the latter two had no significant differences.

Results

suggested that water level fluctuations were the limiting factor for the growth of three species in autumn. Alternanthera philoxeroides and M. aquaticumdid not show higher invasiveness in environments in which the water level fluctuated in autumn but did show higher tolerance and plasticity in response to water level fluctuations in general. This was related to the invasiveness of introduced species.

Results

also indicated that preventive efforts focusing on potential invasion by M. aquaticum should be strengthened.

Key words: water level fluctuation, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Ludwigia adscendens, morphology, physiology

陈修文, 于丹, 刘春花. 秋季水位波动频率对喜旱莲子草、粉绿狐尾藻和水龙的影响. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(5): 493-501. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

Xiu-Wen CHEN, Dan YU, Chun-Hua LIU. Effect of water level fluctuation frequency on Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia adscendens in autumn. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(5): 493-501. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I5/493

图/表 4

图1 水位波动频率示意图。

Fig. 1 Diagram of different frequency water-level fluctuation.

表1 实验期间水体物理化学指标(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 The physical and chemical index of the water during the experiment (means ± SE)

温度 Temperature (℃)	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg·L^-1)	电导率 Conductivity (ms·m^-1)	溶解性固体总量 Total dissolved solids (mg·L^-1)	盐度 Salinity (%)	pH值 pH value	水面光照 Light intensity on water surface (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
29.36 ± 2.86	5.06 ± 1.18	192.26 ± 16.52	115.32 ± 7.86	0.008 0 ± 0.000 6	8.79 ± 0.14	851.54 ± 322.38

表2 水位波动和物种对形态特征和生理特征影响的方差分析

Table 2 F and p values for two-way ANOVA of water level and species analysis for morphological and physiological traits

方差来源 Source of variation	处理 Treatment	物种 Species	处理×物种 Treatment × species
分枝数 Branching number	46.496^***	57.285^***	110.719^***
株高 Shoot length	11.593^**	116.742^***	136.719^***
总生物量 Total biomass	35.962^***	74.402^***	122.205^***
根冠比 Root shoot ratio	0.946^ns	0.932^ns	8.460^***
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	19.405^***	16.379^***	45.39^***
最大光化学量子产量 Maximum PSII quantum efficiency	6.934^ns	93.935^***	106.524^***

图2 喜旱莲子草、粉绿狐尾藻和水龙的分枝数(A)、株高(B)、总生物量(C)、根冠比(D)、叶绿素含量(E)和最大光化学量子产量(F)在不同水位波动频率下的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 20)。相同的字母表示处理间无显著差异(p > 0.05); 不同的字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Branching number (A), shoot length (B), total biomass (C), root shoot ratio (D), content of chlorophyll (E) and maximum PSII quantum efficiency (F) of Alternanthern philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia adscendens subjected to the different frequency of water-level fluctuation (mean ± SE, n = 20). Bars sharing the same letters indicate no significant differences among treatments (p > 0.05) and the different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

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