植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 718-728.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0036
所属专题: 微生物生态学
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
崔利1,2,3,郭峰1,2,3,张佳蕾1,2,3,杨莎1,2,3,王建国1,2,3,孟静静1,2,3,耿耘1,2,3,李新国1,2,3,*(),万书波2,3,4,*()
收稿日期:
2019-02-21
修回日期:
2019-08-05
出版日期:
2019-08-20
发布日期:
2020-01-03
通讯作者:
李新国 ORCID:0000-0003-3277-9808,万书波
基金资助:
CUI Li1,2,3,GUO Feng1,2,3,ZHANG Jia-Lei1,2,3,YANG Sha1,2,3,WANG Jian-Guo1,2,3,MENG Jing-Jing1,2,3,GENG Yun1,2,3,LI Xin-Guo1,2,3,*(),WAN Shu-Bo2,3,4,*()
Received:
2019-02-21
Revised:
2019-08-05
Online:
2019-08-20
Published:
2020-01-03
Contact:
LI Xin-Guo ORCID:0000-0003-3277-9808,WAN Shu-Bo
Supported by:
摘要:
花生(Arachis hypogaea)长期连作导致土壤环境恶化, 严重影响产量和品质。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)作为有益真菌能够与80%的陆生植物根系形成共生关系, 这种共生体能够改善植物根系微环境, 提高植物对营养物质的吸收和对逆境胁迫的抗性。为了探究AMF对花生连作土壤微环境的影响, 该研究通过对花生连作土壤接种和未接种摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)试验, 在花生不同生长期检测根际土壤的酶活性、土壤矿物质含量、土壤微生物群落结构和多度的变化情况, 以及对连作花生产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明: 1)摩西斗管囊霉能够显著提高花生根际土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶的活性; 2)摩西斗管囊霉显著增加花生连作土壤中全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾的含量; 3)摩西斗管囊霉显著降低土壤中有害真菌曲霉菌属(Aspergillus)的多度, 减少镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和赤霉菌属(Gibberella)的多度, 但是没有达到显著水平, 显著增加有益细菌放线菌Gaiella属的多度; 4)摩西斗管囊霉显著提高连作花生的产量, 增加籽仁中蛋白质、油酸和亚油酸的含量。因此, 摩西斗管囊霉能够改善连作花生根际土壤微生态环境, 增强连作土壤对致病菌的抵抗能力, 从而缓解连作障碍对花生根系的危害。
崔利, 郭峰, 张佳蕾, 杨莎, 王建国, 孟静静, 耿耘, 李新国, 万书波. 摩西斗管囊霉改善连作花生根际土壤的微环境. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(8): 718-728. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0036
CUI Li, GUO Feng, ZHANG Jia-Lei, YANG Sha, WANG Jian-Guo, MENG Jing-Jing, GENG Yun, LI Xin-Guo, WAN Shu-Bo. Improvement of continuous microbial environment in peanut rhizosphere soil by Funneliformis mosseae. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(8): 718-728. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0036
图1 接种摩西斗管囊霉对连作花生不同生长时期的根际土壤蔗糖酶(A)、脲酶(B)、碱性磷酸酶(C)和硝酸还原酶(D)活力的影响(平均值±标准误差)。*表示不同处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。▲, 未接种摩西斗管囊霉; △, 接种摩西斗管囊霉。
Fig. 1 Effects of inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae on enzyme activities of solid-sucrase (S-SC)(A), solid-urease (S-UE)(B), solid alkaline-phosphatase (S-AKP/ALP)(C) and solid-nitrate reductase (S-NR)(D) in rhizosphere soil of continuing cropping peanut at different growth stages (mean ± SE). * indicates significant difference between the two treatments (p < 0.05). ▲, without F. mosseae inoculation; △, F. mosseae inoculation.
处理 Treatment | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total P (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total K (mg·g-1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | 盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | 盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | |
-AMF | 1.23 ± 0.06 | 0.74 ± 0.02 | 0.59 ± 0.06 | 0.37 ± 0.04 | 6.67 ± 0.22 | 3.57 ± 0.67 |
+AMF | 1.44 ± 0.06* | 0.82 ± 0.03* | 0.70 ± 0.03* | 0.47 ± 0.07* | 7.41 ± 0.57 | 5.39 ± 0.73* |
表1 接种和未接种摩西斗管囊霉的连作花生根际土壤全氮、全磷和全钾含量比较(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)
Table 1 Comparison of soil contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium between the treatments with and without Funneliformis mosseae inoculation under continuing cropping of peanuts (mean ± SE, n = 3)
处理 Treatment | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total P (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total K (mg·g-1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | 盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | 盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | |
-AMF | 1.23 ± 0.06 | 0.74 ± 0.02 | 0.59 ± 0.06 | 0.37 ± 0.04 | 6.67 ± 0.22 | 3.57 ± 0.67 |
+AMF | 1.44 ± 0.06* | 0.82 ± 0.03* | 0.70 ± 0.03* | 0.47 ± 0.07* | 7.41 ± 0.57 | 5.39 ± 0.73* |
处理 Treatment | 碱解氮 Alkaline N (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Effective P (g·kg-1) | 速效钾 Effective K (mg·kg-1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | 盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | 盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | |
-AMF | 73.39 ± 3.66 | 75.77 ± 3.66 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 15.40 ± 0.56 | 11.03 ± 0.64 |
+AMF | 74.86 ± 5.54 | 81.67 ± 7.00 | 0.21 ± 0.02* | 0.18 ± 0.00* | 16.17 ± 0.47 | 13.20 ± 0.66* |
表2 接种摩西斗管囊霉对连作花生根际土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量的影响(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)
Table 2 Effects of Funneliformis mosseae inoculation on the soil contents of alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium (mean ± SE, n = 3)
处理 Treatment | 碱解氮 Alkaline N (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Effective P (g·kg-1) | 速效钾 Effective K (mg·kg-1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | 盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | 盛花期 Anthesis | 收获期 Harvest period | |
-AMF | 73.39 ± 3.66 | 75.77 ± 3.66 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 15.40 ± 0.56 | 11.03 ± 0.64 |
+AMF | 74.86 ± 5.54 | 81.67 ± 7.00 | 0.21 ± 0.02* | 0.18 ± 0.00* | 16.17 ± 0.47 | 13.20 ± 0.66* |
图2 接种和未接种摩西斗管囊霉对花生连作土壤真菌群落结构及多度的影响。A, 不同时期不同处理间真菌分类操作单元丰度的韦恩图。B, 接种摩西斗管囊霉改变花生连作土壤真菌门的多度。C, 接种摩西斗管囊霉对盛花期花生根际土壤真菌属影响不显著(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。D, 接种摩西斗管囊霉对收获期花生根际土壤真菌属影响显著(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。-AMF, 未接种摩西斗管囊霉; +AMF, 接种摩西斗管囊霉。F(-AMF), 未接种摩西斗管囊霉的盛花期花生根际土壤; F(+AMF), 接种摩西斗管囊霉的盛花期花生根际土壤; H(-AMF), 未接种摩西斗管囊霉的收获期花生根际土壤; H(+AMF), 接种摩西斗管囊霉的收获期花生根际土壤。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。
Fig. 2 Effects of with and without Funneliformis mosseae inoculation on the structure and abundance of soil fungi community under continuing cropping of peanut. A, The Venn figure shows the number of fungal operational taxonomic units in different treatments. B, Abundance of soil fungi in continuing cropping of peanut was changed by F. mosseae. C, Abundance of fungal genera were not significantly different between with and without F. mosseae inoculation in the flowering period of continuing cropping peanuts (mean ± SE, n = 3). D, Abundance of some fungal genera were significantly different between with and without F. mosseae inoculation at harvest period (mean ± SE, n = 3). -AMF, without F. mosseae inoculation; +AMF, F. mosseae inoculation. F(-AMF), peanut rhizosphere soil without F. mosseae inoculation during the flowering period; F(+AMF), rhizosphere soil of peanut with F. mosseae inoculation; H(-AMF), peanut rhizosphere soil without F. mosseae inoculation during the harvest period; H(+AMF), peanut rhizosphere soil with F. mosseae inoculation during the harvest period. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.
图3 接种摩西斗管囊霉对花生连作土壤细菌群落结构及丰度的影响。A, 不同时期不同处理间细菌操作分类单元丰度的韦恩图。B, 接种摩西斗管囊霉改变细菌门多度。C, 接种摩西斗管囊霉显著改变盛花期花生根际土壤细菌属的多度(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。D, 接种摩西斗管囊霉显著改变收获期花生根际土壤细菌属的多度(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。-AMF, 未接种摩西斗管囊霉; +AMF, 接种摩西斗管囊霉。F(-AMF), 未接种摩西斗管囊霉的盛花期花生根际土壤; F (+AMF), 接种摩西斗管囊霉的盛花期花生根际土壤; H(-AMF), 未接种摩西斗管囊霉的收获期花生根际土壤; H(+AMF), 接种摩西斗管囊霉的收获期花生根际土壤。*, p < 0.05。
Fig. 3 Effects of Funneliformis mosseae on the structure and abundance of soil bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of peanut under continuing cropping. A, The Venn figure shows the number of bacterial operational taxonomic units in the two treatments. B, Abundance of soil bacteria in continuous cropping of peanut changed in the F. mosseae inoculation tratement C, Abundance of bacterial genera were significantly different between with and without F. mosseae inoculation in the flowering period of continuing cropping peanuts (mean ± SE, n = 3). D, Abundance of bacterial genera were significantly different between with and without F. mosseae inoculation in the harvesting period of continuous cropping peanuts (mean ± SE, n = 3). -AMF, without F. mosseae inoculation; +AMF, F. mosseae inoculation. F(-AMF), peanut rhizosphere soil without F. mosseae inoculation during the flowering period; F(+AMF), rhizosphere soil of peanut with F. mosseae inoculation; H(-AMF), peanut rhizosphere soil without F. mosseae inoculation during the harvest period; H(+AMF), peanut rhizosphere soil with F. mosseae inoculation during the harvest period. *, p < 0.05.
处理 Treatment | 单株结果数 Pod number per plant | 单株果质量 Pod mass per plant (g) | 饱果率 Full fruit rate (%) | 蛋白质 Protein (%) | 总氨基酸 Total amino acid (%) | 油酸 Oleic (%) | 亚油酸 Linoleic (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-AMF | 34.67 ± 2.08 | 41.85 ± 2.87 | 60.82 ± 0.02 | 18.34 ± 0.17 | 18.29 ± 1.68 | 52.46 ± 1.16 | 24.12 ± 1.37 |
+AMF | 39.33 ± 0.58* | 52.05 ± 0.79* | 70.33 ± 0.04* | 21,89 ± 0.22* | 21.30 ± 0.97* | 57.38 ± 1.32* | 27.20 ± 1.19* |
表3 接种摩西斗管囊霉对连作花生产量和品质的影响
Table 3 Effects of Funneliformis mosseae inoculation on the yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut
处理 Treatment | 单株结果数 Pod number per plant | 单株果质量 Pod mass per plant (g) | 饱果率 Full fruit rate (%) | 蛋白质 Protein (%) | 总氨基酸 Total amino acid (%) | 油酸 Oleic (%) | 亚油酸 Linoleic (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-AMF | 34.67 ± 2.08 | 41.85 ± 2.87 | 60.82 ± 0.02 | 18.34 ± 0.17 | 18.29 ± 1.68 | 52.46 ± 1.16 | 24.12 ± 1.37 |
+AMF | 39.33 ± 0.58* | 52.05 ± 0.79* | 70.33 ± 0.04* | 21,89 ± 0.22* | 21.30 ± 0.97* | 57.38 ± 1.32* | 27.20 ± 1.19* |
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