气候因子通过土壤微生物生物量氮促进青藏高原高寒草地地上生态系统功能

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0204

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 434-443.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0204

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；生态系统结构与功能；青藏高原植物生态学：植物-土壤-微生物；微生物生态学

气候因子通过土壤微生物生物量氮促进青藏高原高寒草地地上生态系统功能

王毅¹^,², 孙建²^,^*(), 叶冲冲²^,³, 曾涛¹^,^*()

¹成都理工大学地球科学学院, 成都 610059
²中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101
³西南石油大学土木工程与建筑学院, 成都 610500

收稿日期:2020-06-22 接受日期:2020-10-22 出版日期:2021-05-20 发布日期:2020-12-09
通讯作者: 孙建,曾涛
作者简介:Zeng T:zengtao@cdut.cn)
*孙建:ORCID: 0000-0001-8765-5015(Sun J:sunjian@igsnrr.ac.cn;
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0405)

Climatic factors drive the aboveground ecosystem functions of alpine grassland via soil microbial biomass nitrogen on the Qingzang Plateau

WANG Yi¹^,², SUN Jian²^,^*(), YE Chong-Chong²^,³, ZENG Tao¹^,^*()

¹College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
²Key Laboratory of Observation and Simulation of Ecological Networks, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China

Received:2020-06-22 Accepted:2020-10-22 Online:2021-05-20 Published:2020-12-09
Contact: SUN Jian,ZENG Tao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来, 在人类活动和气候变化的影响下, 物种多样性丧失趋势不断加剧, 对生态系统功能带来严重后果。目前, 关于生态系统功能的研究, 忽略了土壤和微生物碳氮养分循环过程对地上生态系统功能(AEF)的重要驱动作用, 而土壤碳氮要素和微生物的任何变化都有可能改变地下群落对生态系统功能的维持作用。该研究旨在探究高寒草地AEF的主要控制因子, 以及其关键要素对AEF的作用机理。2015年7-8月, 对青藏高原地区115个样点进行了草地群落和土壤属性等要素样带调查; 综合植物地上生物量, 叶片碳、氮和磷含量等参数计算AEF值, 分析地下土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量、生物量等关键要素对AEF值的影响。结合取样点年降水量和年平均气温, 深入探讨影响AEF的主要控制因子和作用机理。结果表明降水对AEF有较大影响, 而气温影响相对较低。年降水量、土壤微生物生物量碳含量和干旱指数对AEF值的相对重要性贡献较高(重要值分别为21.1%、10.9%和10.1%), 控制青藏高原高寒草地AEF值的关键是土壤因子。在气候因子对土壤养分和微生物的作用下, 土壤微生物生物量氮含量在调控高寒草地AEF值方面发挥重要作用。

关键词: 地上生态系统功能, 高寒草地, 土壤全氮, 土壤微生物生物量氮, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Aims In recent years, under the background of climate change and human activities, the trend of biodiversity loss is increasing. Such accelerated loss in biodiversity could bring serious consequences to ecosystem functions. At present, the research on ecosystem function ignores the important driving role of carbon and nitrogen cycling in soil and microorganism on the above ground ecosystem functions. Any changes of soil carbon, nitrogen and microorganism may affect the ability of belowground community, which can have substantial effects on the aboveground ecosystem functions. Our aim was to explore the driving factors and key mechanism of abovegroud ecosystem functions (AEF) in alpine grassland.
Methods From July to August 2015, we conducted a transect survey in alpine grasslands to measure plant community and soil properties across Qingzang Plateau. There were in total 115 sample sites. The aboveground ecosystem function was calculated based on the aboveground biomass, leaf carbon, leaf nitrogen and leaf phosphorus. The effects of key elements such as soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and biomass on the aboveground ecosystem function were analyzed. Combined with mean annual precipitation and air temperature, we explored important drivers of AEF and related mechanisms.
Important findings Precipitation has a greater impact on aboveground ecosystem functions, while air temperature has a minor impact. Mean annual precipitation, soil microbial nitrogen content and aridity index had relative higher importance to aboveground ecosystem functions. Specificially, mean annual precipitation, soil microbial nitrogen content and aridity index accounted for the variations of 21.1%, 10.9% and 10.1%, respectively. The findings indicated that soil properties might play more important roles than plant community and productivity to aboveground ecosystem functions. Considering the cascading impacts of climate factors on soil nutrients cycling and microorganisms, soil microbial biomass nitrogen content plays an important role in regulating AEF of alpine grassland, Qingzang Plateau.

Key words: aboveground ecosystem function, alpine grassland, soil total nitrogen, soil microbial biomass nitrogen, Qingzang Plateau

王毅, 孙建, 叶冲冲, 曾涛. 气候因子通过土壤微生物生物量氮促进青藏高原高寒草地地上生态系统功能. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 434-443. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0204

WANG Yi, SUN Jian, YE Chong-Chong, ZENG Tao. Climatic factors drive the aboveground ecosystem functions of alpine grassland via soil microbial biomass nitrogen on the Qingzang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(5): 434-443. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0204

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0204

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I5/434

图/表 7

图1 青藏高原研究区样点示意图。ATP, 年降水量, mm。

Fig. 1 Sample sites on the Qingzang Plateau. ATP, annual total precipitation, mm.

表1 青藏高原样带调查各指标描述性统计

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of each index in the transect survey on the Qingzang Plateau

调查指标 Survey indicator	p	平均值 Mean	标准误 SE	最大值 Max	最小值 Min
地上生态系统功能 Aboveground ecosystem functions	0.200	0.05	0.54	1.77	-1.70
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)	0.000	91.15	77.22	318.48	7.56
地下生物量 Belowground biomass (g·m^-2)	0.000	3.20	6.16	42.53	0.01
叶片碳含量 Leaf carbon content (g·kg^-1)	0.000	40.59	3.75	45.12	27.42
叶片磷含量 Leaf phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	0.001	1.67	0.79	5.32	0.34
叶片氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	0.098	17.98	4.34	34.44	5.90
土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	0.000	0.15	0.13	0.53	0.01
土壤速效磷含量 Soil available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	0.001	2.50	1.66	8.48	0.32
土壤速效氮含量 Soil available nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	0.000	130.35	118.11	536.78	12.03
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (g·kg^-1)	0.000	24.23	25.74	128.63	0.75
土壤总磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	0.025	0.49	0.32	2.03	0.05
土壤总氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	0.000	1.64	1.42	6.82	0.29
土壤微生物生物量碳含量 Microbial biomass carbon content (mg·kg^-1)	0.000	398.98	423.82	2 064.00	3.50
土壤微生物生物量氮含量 Microbial biomass nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	0.000	123.34	115.03	451.20	2.60

图2 气候因子、地下生物量和土壤因子与地上生态系统功能(AEF)的关系。A, AEF值与各因子间的相关性热度图, 黑色表示正相关, 红色表示负相关。相关显著性: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。B, AEF值和各因子的主成分分析。AI, 干旱指数; AMT, 年平均气温; ATP, 年降水量; BGB, 地下生物量; EMF, 生态系统多功能性; MBC, 土壤微生物生物量碳含量; MBN, 土壤微生物生物量氮含量; SAN, 土壤速效氮含量; SAP, 土壤速效磷含量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; STN, 土壤全氮含量; STP, 土壤全磷含量。

Fig. 2 Relationships between climate factors, belowground biomass, soil factors and aboveground ecosystem functions (AEF). A, The correlation between AEF value and each factor; black box indicates positive correlation, and red box indicates negative correlation, * and ** represented significantly correlated with AEF value (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). B, Principal component analysis of AEF value and each factor. AI, aridity index; AMT, mean annual air temperature; ATP, mean annual precipitation; BGB, belowground biomass; EMF, ecosystem multi-function; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen content; SAN, soil available nitrogen content; SAP, soil available phosphorus content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; STN, soil total nitrogen content; STP, soil total phosphorus content.

图3 环境因子和土壤要素对地上生态系统功能的相对重要性分析。AI, 干旱指数; AMT, 年平均气温; ATP, 年降水量; BGB, 地下生物量; MBC, 土壤微生物生物量碳含量; MBN, 土壤微生物生物量氮含量; SAN, 土壤速效氮含量; SAP, 土壤速效磷含量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; STN, 土壤全氮含量; STP, 土壤全磷含量。

Fig. 3 Relative importance of environmental factors and soil factors to aboveground ecosystem functions. AI, aridity index; AMT, mean annual air temperature; ATP, mean annual precipitation; BGB, belowground biomass; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen content; SAN, soil available nitrogen content; SAP, soil available phosphorus content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; STN, soil total nitrogen content; STP, soil total phosphorus content.

图4 气候和土壤因子与地上生态系统功能之间的关系。AEF, 地上生态系统功能值; AI, 干旱指数; ATP, 年降水量; MBC, 土壤微生物生物量碳含量; MBN, 土壤微生物生物量氮含量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; STN, 土壤全氮含量。除AEF外, 其余因子均为取对数后的数据。

Fig. 4 Relationships of climate and soil factors with aboveground ecosystem functions. AEF, aboveground ecosystem functions value; AI, aridity index; ATP, mean annual precipitation; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; STN, soil total nitrogen content. Except for AEF, all other are log-transformed data.

图5 土壤养分性状和微生物性状随气候因子的变化情况。AI, 干旱指数; ATP, 年降水量; MBC, 土壤微生物生物量碳含量; MBN, 土壤微生物生物量氮含量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; STN, 土壤全氮含量。因子均为取对数后的数据。

Fig. 5 Changes of soil nutrient and microbial properties with climatic factors. AI, aridity index; ATP, mean annual precipitation; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; STN, soil total nitrogen content. All data are log-transformed data.

图6 气候和土壤因子对地上生态系统功能值(AEF)的效应。图上表示的均为显著影响的路径(p < 0.05), 实线表示正效应, 虚线表示负效应。AI, 干旱指数; ATP, 年降水量; MBC, 土壤微生物生物量碳含量; MBN, 土壤微生物生物量氮含量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; STN, 土壤全氮含量。

Fig. 6 Effects of climatic and soil factors on aboveground ecosystem functions value (AEF). The path with significant effect is shown in the figure (p < 0.05), the solid lines indicate a positive effect and the dotted line indicates a positive effect. AI, aridity index; ATP, mean annual precipitation; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; STN, soil total nitrogen content.

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气候因子通过土壤微生物生物量氮促进青藏高原高寒草地地上生态系统功能

Climatic factors drive the aboveground ecosystem functions of alpine grassland via soil microbial biomass nitrogen on the Qingzang Plateau

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