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Plant Diversity ›› 1997, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (01): 1-3.

• 研究论文 •    

三白草科的比较胚胎学研究

孟少武;梁汉兴   

  1. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650204
  • 出版日期:1997-02-25 发布日期:1997-02-25

COMPARATIVE EMBRYOLOGY ON SAURURACEAE

Meng Shaowu, Liang Hanxing   

  1. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204
  • Online:1997-02-25 Published:1997-02-25

摘要: 研究了裸葫(Gymnotheca chinensis Decne.)的胚胎发育,同时对三白草(Saururus chinensis(Lour.)Baill.)和蕺菜(Houttuynia cordata Thunb.)的胚胎也进行了观察。并对三白草科(Saururaceae)各属间的胚胎学特征进行比较,以探讨三白草科内的系统关系。裸葫具腺质绒毡层。小孢子同时型,极少数小孢子母细胞的减数分裂Ⅱ不进行,形成有壁的小孢子二分体。四分体以四面体为主,但有少量的二侧对称型、T型以及十字型四分体。在四分体时期,小孢子发育出现各种异常,大部分小孢子在单核靠边期败育,散粉时花粉空瘳。侧膜胎座。厚珠心。大孢子母细胞在减数分裂Ⅱ时珠孔端的1个细胞不分裂,合点端的1个细胞正常分裂,故形成大孢子三分体,多为直线排列。蓼型胚囊。少数胚囊在四核时期不再分裂,而出现细胞化结构,多数胚囊发育到八核时期。八核胚囊中反足细胞退化较早,卵器存在时间较长。经许多胚胎学特征的比较,认为在三白草科中,三白草属最原始,蕺菜属最进化,裸蒴属和假银莲花属居于二者之间。

关键词: 三白草科, 裸蒴, 三白草, 蕺菜, 比较胚胎学

Abstract: The embryological development of Gymnotheca chinensis Decne. isstudied in detail. At the same time, Saururus chinensis (Lour. ) Baill. and Houttuynia cordata Thunb. are studied, too. Main embryological features of every genus in Saururaceae are compared, and the systematic rela- tionships in Saururaceae are discussed. Tapetum of G. chinensis Decne. is glandular. Microspore is a simultaneous type. A few microspore mother cells don't divide at the end of meiosis II and form microspore dyad with walls. Most of the microspore tetrads are tetrahedral and there are a few other types, such as decussate, dilateral and T-shaped tetrad. Microspores have many sterile mutants at the microspore tetrad stage, and most of pollen grains degenerate at the late singe nu-cleus pollen stage, and pollen grains are empty and shrivelled when dehiscence of anthers at matur-ity. The pistil of Gymnotheca chinensis is parietal placentation, crassinucellate ovule.

Key words: Saururances, G.chinensis, S.chinensis, H.cordata, Comparative embryology