胶州湾潮下带大型底栖动物群落的季节变化

doi:10.17520/biods.2015264

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胶州湾位于山东半岛南岸, 是黄海深入内陆的半封闭天然海湾, 底栖动物种类丰富。本文根据2014年2、5、8和11月4个航次(冬、春、夏、秋)的调查资料, 采用优势度指数, 物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数, Bray-Curtis相似性聚类和非参数多维标度排序(NMDS)方法, 分析了胶州湾大型底栖动物群落的季节变化特点。各航次共采集大型底栖动物199种, 其中多毛类79种, 甲壳动物47种, 软体动物40种, 棘皮动物17种, 其他类群16种。各季度优势种有变化亦有重叠, 以多毛类为主。2014年度胶州湾大型底栖动物的年平均丰度为209.85 ind./m², 最高丰度出现在秋季, 最低出现在春季; 年平均生物量为79.22 g/m², 最高生物量出现在夏季, 最低出现在春季。物种多样性指数(H')变化范围为2.16-2.86, 物种丰富度指数(D)变化范围为2.79-3.72, 物种均匀度指数(J)变化范围为0.58-0.82。聚类分析结果显示, 4个航次的群落相似性系数均较低, 分布格局存在季节性变化。近年来, 伴随海岸带开发及人类活动的持续影响, 胶州湾底栖生境的稳定性受到一定的威胁, 建议继续开展长期连续的监测, 探索有效的综合治理措施, 使胶州湾海洋生态系统能够持续健康的发展。

关键词: 胶州湾, 大型底栖动物, 生物多样性, 群落结构

Abstract

Jiaozhou Bay is a semi-enclosed bay at the southern shore of Shandong Peninsula and has abundant macrobenthic species. In present study, the seasonal variation of the macrobenthic community in this bay was analyzed based on data collected from four cruises in February (winter), May (spring), August (summer) and November (autumn) of 2014. A total of 199 macrobenthic species were identified, of which, 79 species were Polychaeta, 47 were Crustacea, 40 were Mollusca, 17 were Echinodermata, and the remaining 16 species belong to other animal groups. The composition of dominant species seasonally varied, however, most of them were species belong to Polychaeta. The average abundance of the macrobenthos from the four cruises was 209.85 ind./m², with the highest abundance found in the autumn cruise and the lowest in the spring cruise. The average biomass from the four cruises was 79.22 g/m², with the highest biomass found during the summer cruise and the lowest found during the spring cruise. The Shannon-Wiener index (H') of the macrobenthic community varied from 2.16 to 2.86, the species richness index (D) varied from 2.79 to 3.72 and the species evenness index (J) varied from 0.58 to 0.82. The Bray-Curtis similarity cluster analysis and NMDS ordination analyses indicated that the similarity among macrobenthic community groups was low and the distribution pattern of microbenthic animal groups showed seasonal characteristics. In recent years, with the rapid economic development of coastal zones and the continuous impact of human activities, the stability of the benthonic community in Jiaozhou Bay is threatened, therefore, long-term monitoring is recommended and effective comprehensive management measures need to be explored to result in the healthy and sustainable development of the marine ecosystem in Jiaozhou Bay.

Key words: Jiaozhou Bay, benthic macrofauna, biodiversity, community structure

杨梅, 李新正, 徐勇, 王洪法, 张宝琳 (2016) 胶州湾潮下带大型底栖动物群落的季节变化. 生物多样性, 24, 820-830. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015264.

Mei Yang, Xinzheng Li, Yong Xu, Hongfa Wang, Baolin Zhang (2016) Seasonal variations in macrobenthic communities in the subtidal zones of Jiaozhou Bay. Biodiversity Science, 24, 820-830. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015264.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015264

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I7/820

图/表 8

参考文献 37

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	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn
背蚓虫 Notomastus latericeus	0.021
菲律宾蛤仔 Ruditapes philippinaraum	0.033	0.127	0.143	0.046
寡鳃齿吻沙蚕 Nephtys oligobranchia	0.027	0.015		0.038
长叶索沙蚕 Lumbrineris longiforlia	0.027			0.017
拟特须虫 Paralacydonia paradoxa	0.012	0.025		0.037
玉筋鱼 Ammodytes personatus			0.022
不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata	0.015	0.016		0.039
深沟毛虫 Sigambra bassi	0.012			0.029
多丝独鳃虫 Tharyx multifilis	0.016
日本拟背水虱 Paranthura japonica	0.015			0.012
棘刺锚参 Protankyra bidentata			0.019
锥唇吻沙蚕 Glycera onomichiensis			0.010

	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn
背蚓虫 Notomastus latericeus	0.021
菲律宾蛤仔 Ruditapes philippinaraum	0.033	0.127	0.143	0.046
寡鳃齿吻沙蚕 Nephtys oligobranchia	0.027	0.015		0.038
长叶索沙蚕 Lumbrineris longiforlia	0.027			0.017
拟特须虫 Paralacydonia paradoxa	0.012	0.025		0.037
玉筋鱼 Ammodytes personatus			0.022
不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata	0.015	0.016		0.039
深沟毛虫 Sigambra bassi	0.012			0.029
多丝独鳃虫 Tharyx multifilis	0.016
日本拟背水虱 Paranthura japonica	0.015			0.012
棘刺锚参 Protankyra bidentata			0.019
锥唇吻沙蚕 Glycera onomichiensis			0.010

类群 Group	项目 Item	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	平均 Average
多毛类动物	丰度 Abundance	114.58	101.82	60.83	160.83	109.52
Polychaeta	生物量 Biomass	1.18	1.09	1.29	1.32	1.22
甲壳动物	丰度 Abundance	48.75	15.45	11.67	28.33	26.05
Crustacea	生物量 Biomass	1.67	2.47	0.57	0.86	1.39
软体动物	丰度 Abundance	32.50	41.82	6.25	26.25	26.71
Mollusca	生物量 Biomass	42.14	31.62	5.66	34.89	28.58
棘皮动物	丰度 Abundance	7.50	4.55	39.58	10.00	15.41
Echinodermata	生物量 Biomass	0.80	4.25	13.16	8.77	6.75
其他类群	丰度 Abundance	16.67	9.09	68.75	34.17	32.17
Others	生物量 Biomass	7.49	0.08	99.17	58.48	41.31
总计	丰度 Abundance	220.00	172.73	187.08	259.58	209.85
Total	生物量 Biomass	53.19	39.51	119.85	104.32	79.22

类群 Group	项目 Item	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	平均 Average
多毛类动物	丰度 Abundance	114.58	101.82	60.83	160.83	109.52
Polychaeta	生物量 Biomass	1.18	1.09	1.29	1.32	1.22
甲壳动物	丰度 Abundance	48.75	15.45	11.67	28.33	26.05
Crustacea	生物量 Biomass	1.67	2.47	0.57	0.86	1.39
软体动物	丰度 Abundance	32.50	41.82	6.25	26.25	26.71
Mollusca	生物量 Biomass	42.14	31.62	5.66	34.89	28.58
棘皮动物	丰度 Abundance	7.50	4.55	39.58	10.00	15.41
Echinodermata	生物量 Biomass	0.80	4.25	13.16	8.77	6.75
其他类群	丰度 Abundance	16.67	9.09	68.75	34.17	32.17
Others	生物量 Biomass	7.49	0.08	99.17	58.48	41.31
总计	丰度 Abundance	220.00	172.73	187.08	259.58	209.85
Total	生物量 Biomass	53.19	39.51	119.85	104.32	79.22

站位 Station	冬季 Winter			春季 Spring			夏季 Summer			秋季 Autumn
站位 Station	H'	D	J	H'	D	J	H'	D	J	H'	D	J
A3	2.80	3.01	0.72	0.70	1.88	0.20	0.55	2.80	0.13	3.29	4.11	0.81
A5	4.07	5.43	0.89	4.00	5.14	0.91	0.54	1.14	0.21	3.42	3.94	0.85
B2	1.44	3.16	0.36	1.34	3.08	0.32	3.05	3.56	0.85	0.95	1.96	0.27
C1	3.68	6.30	0.73	3.17	3.29	0.92	2.48	2.53	0.83	4.06	5.26	0.94
C3	3.88	5.64	0.83	3.63	4.68	0.83	3.89	4.86	0.93	3.32	4.59	0.78
C4	3.03	4.43	0.70	2.92	3.96	0.71	4.05	5.69	0.91	3.93	4.67	0.87
D1	2.59	2.79	1.00	1.13	1.20	0.49	2.56	2.82	0.81	2.17	1.74	0.94
D3	3.00	3.37	1.00	2.53	3.23	0.66	2.37	2.17	0.92	3.46	4.89	0.76
D5	2.22	2.53	0.74	-	-	-	2.71	2.59	0.90	2.45	2.42	0.87
D6	3.66	4.21	0.96	3.24	3.51	0.98	2.20	1.44	0.85	3.20	3.50	0.84
D7	2.98	3.11	0.90	3.24	3.46	0.94	3.24	3.69	0.94	3.61	4.43	0.85
D8	0.97	0.62	0.97	0.00	0.00	-	0.41	1.21	0.15	0.50	0.24	0.50
平均值 Average	2.86	3.72	0.82	2.16	2.79	0.58	2.34	2.88	0.70	2.86	3.48	0.77