生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 382-392. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017027
隋丹丹1,2,3, 王悦1,2,3, 练琚愉1,2,*(), 张健4, 胡健波5, 欧阳学军1,2, 范宗骥1,2, 曹洪麟1,2, 叶万辉1,2
收稿日期:
2017-02-01
接受日期:
2017-03-30
出版日期:
2017-04-20
发布日期:
2017-04-20
通讯作者:
练琚愉
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
Dandan Sui1,2,3, Yue Wang1,2,3, Juyu Lian1,2,*(), Jian Zhang4, Jianbo Hu5, Xuejun Ouyang1,2, Zongji Fan1,2, Honglin Cao1,2, Wanhui Ye1,2
Received:
2017-02-01
Accepted:
2017-03-30
Online:
2017-04-20
Published:
2017-04-20
Contact:
Lian Juyu
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要:
林窗数量特征及其空间分布格局对南亚热带森林生态系统的动态变化、物种共存及生物多样性的维持等具有重要意义。本文基于鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地2015年的植被调查数据, 结合无人机航拍图像处理技术和地理信息系统, 分析了样地内林窗的几何特征和空间分布格局。结果表明: 该样地的林窗空隙率为13.72%, 密度为35.75个/ha, 平均面积38.37 m2。具体特征有: (1)区域内林窗数量随林窗面积的增加呈负指数分布, 整体表现为小林窗多、大林窗少的规律。(2)不同成熟度林分中, 过熟林林窗平均面积大于成熟林; 成熟林更能体现出小林窗多而大林窗少的特点。(3)各生境林窗分布与大样地整体表现出基本一致的规律, 但低谷与其他生境差异显著, 林窗平均面积、林窗空隙率等都大于其他生境, 而山脊林窗也在林窗空隙率与林窗密度方面低于其他生境。(4)林窗面积和地形因子显著相关: 与海拔和凹凸度呈显著负相关; 与坡度和坡向呈显著正相关。据此提出建立利用无人机进行森林群落林冠变化与格局的监测体系, 是实现林窗与林下群落动态变化同步监测的新手段。
隋丹丹, 王悦, 练琚愉, 张健, 胡健波, 欧阳学军, 范宗骥, 曹洪麟, 叶万辉 (2017) 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林林窗分布格局及其成因. 生物多样性, 25, 382-392. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017027.
Dandan Sui, Yue Wang, Juyu Lian, Jian Zhang, Jianbo Hu, Xuejun Ouyang, Zongji Fan, Honglin Cao, Wanhui Ye (2017) Gap distribution patterns in the south subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Dinghushan. Biodiversity Science, 25, 382-392. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017027.
图1 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地林窗空间分布特征
Fig. 1 Spatial distribution characteristics of gaps in the 20 ha dynamics plot of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan
图2 不同成熟度(A)及不同生境(B)中的林窗分布图。(A)粉色=成熟林; 蓝色=过熟林。(B)紫色=高谷; 蓝色=高坡; 粉色=山脊; 绿色=低谷; 黄色=低坡。
Fig. 2 Gap distribution at different maturity levels (A) and in different habitats (B). (A) Pink = Mature forest; Blue = Over-mature forest. (B) Purple = High valley; Blue = High slope; Pink = Ridge; Green = Low valley; Yellow = Low slope.
林窗面积 Gap area (m2) | 林窗数量 Gap number | 数量比例 Quantity ratio | 面积比例 Area ratio | 林窗类型 Gap type |
---|---|---|---|---|
2-25 | 442 | 61.82% | 19.08% | 小林窗 Small gap |
25-49 | 151 | 21.12% | 19.37% | 大林窗 Large gap |
50-99 | 76 | 10.63% | 19.24% | 大林窗 Large gap |
100-199 | 30 | 4.20% | 14.51% | 大林窗 Large gap |
200-399 | 11 | 1.54% | 11.01% | 大林窗 Large gap |
> 400 | 5 | 0.69% | 16.79% | 大林窗 Large gap |
合计 Total | 715 | 100% | 100% | - |
表1 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地林窗分类与数据特征
Table 1 Gap classification and data characteristics in 20 ha plot of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Dinghushan
林窗面积 Gap area (m2) | 林窗数量 Gap number | 数量比例 Quantity ratio | 面积比例 Area ratio | 林窗类型 Gap type |
---|---|---|---|---|
2-25 | 442 | 61.82% | 19.08% | 小林窗 Small gap |
25-49 | 151 | 21.12% | 19.37% | 大林窗 Large gap |
50-99 | 76 | 10.63% | 19.24% | 大林窗 Large gap |
100-199 | 30 | 4.20% | 14.51% | 大林窗 Large gap |
200-399 | 11 | 1.54% | 11.01% | 大林窗 Large gap |
> 400 | 5 | 0.69% | 16.79% | 大林窗 Large gap |
合计 Total | 715 | 100% | 100% | - |
类型 Type | 数量比例 Quantity ratio | 面积比例 Area ratio | 空隙率 Gap fraction | 密度 Gap density (no./ha) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | |
过熟林 Over-mature forest | 55.42% | 44.58% | 13.20% | 86.80% | 2.03% | 13.31% | 16.22 | 13.05 |
成熟林 Mature forest | 65.70% | 34.30% | 24.20% | 75.80% | 3.09% | 9.68% | 26.95 | 14.06 |
表2 不同成熟度林分中的林窗空隙率和林窗密度
Table 2 Gap fraction and gap density under different maturity stands
类型 Type | 数量比例 Quantity ratio | 面积比例 Area ratio | 空隙率 Gap fraction | 密度 Gap density (no./ha) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | |
过熟林 Over-mature forest | 55.42% | 44.58% | 13.20% | 86.80% | 2.03% | 13.31% | 16.22 | 13.05 |
成熟林 Mature forest | 65.70% | 34.30% | 24.20% | 75.80% | 3.09% | 9.68% | 26.95 | 14.06 |
生境类型 Habitat type | 样地面积 Plot area (ha) | 林窗数量 Gap number | 林窗空隙率 Gap fraction | 林窗平均面积 Average gap area (m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
大样地 Whole plot | 20 | 715 | 13.72% | 38.37 |
高谷 High valley | 3.08 | 151 | 10.45% | 47.89 |
高坡 High slope | 2.92 | 122 | 16.46% | 41.56 |
山脊 Ridge | 2.52 | 126 | 5.11% | 26.75 |
低谷 Low valley | 6.92 | 266 | 51.26% | 56.27 |
低坡 Low slope | 6.60 | 226 | 32.86% | 36.64 |
表3 不同生境类型中的林窗数量和林窗空隙率
Table 3 Number of gaps and gap fraction under different habitat types
生境类型 Habitat type | 样地面积 Plot area (ha) | 林窗数量 Gap number | 林窗空隙率 Gap fraction | 林窗平均面积 Average gap area (m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
大样地 Whole plot | 20 | 715 | 13.72% | 38.37 |
高谷 High valley | 3.08 | 151 | 10.45% | 47.89 |
高坡 High slope | 2.92 | 122 | 16.46% | 41.56 |
山脊 Ridge | 2.52 | 126 | 5.11% | 26.75 |
低谷 Low valley | 6.92 | 266 | 51.26% | 56.27 |
低坡 Low slope | 6.60 | 226 | 32.86% | 36.64 |
生境类型 Habitat type | 林窗数量比例 Quantity ratio (%) | 林窗面积比例 Area ratio (%) | 林窗空隙率 Gap fraction (%) | 林窗密度 Gap density (no./ha) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | |
大样地 Whole plot | 61.81 | 38.19 | 19.08 | 80.92 | 2.62 | 11.10 | 22.10 | 13.65 |
高谷 High valley | 58.28 | 41.72 | 14.02 | 85.98 | 1.47 | 8.98 | 12.72 | 9.10 |
高坡 High slope | 59.02 | 40.98 | 17.57 | 82.43 | 2.89 | 13.57 | 23.38 | 16.23 |
山脊 Ridge | 69.05 | 30.95 | 29.71 | 70.29 | 1.52 | 3.59 | 13.18 | 5.91 |
低谷 Low valley | 49.62 | 50.38 | 11.59 | 88.41 | 5.94 | 45.32 | 45.21 | 45.89 |
低坡 Low slope | 61.06 | 38.94 | 19.59 | 80.41 | 6.43 | 26.43 | 54.76 | 34.92 |
表4 不同生境类型中的林窗空隙率及林窗密度
Table 4 Gap fraction and gap density under different habitats
生境类型 Habitat type | 林窗数量比例 Quantity ratio (%) | 林窗面积比例 Area ratio (%) | 林窗空隙率 Gap fraction (%) | 林窗密度 Gap density (no./ha) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | 小林窗 Small gap | 大林窗 Large gap | |
大样地 Whole plot | 61.81 | 38.19 | 19.08 | 80.92 | 2.62 | 11.10 | 22.10 | 13.65 |
高谷 High valley | 58.28 | 41.72 | 14.02 | 85.98 | 1.47 | 8.98 | 12.72 | 9.10 |
高坡 High slope | 59.02 | 40.98 | 17.57 | 82.43 | 2.89 | 13.57 | 23.38 | 16.23 |
山脊 Ridge | 69.05 | 30.95 | 29.71 | 70.29 | 1.52 | 3.59 | 13.18 | 5.91 |
低谷 Low valley | 49.62 | 50.38 | 11.59 | 88.41 | 5.94 | 45.32 | 45.21 | 45.89 |
低坡 Low slope | 61.06 | 38.94 | 19.59 | 80.41 | 6.43 | 26.43 | 54.76 | 34.92 |
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