采用盆栽试验, 设置0、0.15%、0.30%和0.45%等4个浓度的盐胁迫, 通过出苗速度、植株形态和生物量等指标研究不同基因型花生(Arachis hypogaea)品种(系)萌发至幼苗期的耐盐性差异。结果表明, 各浓度盐胁迫下, 相对出苗时间、相对株高、相对主茎高、相对主根长、相对地上部鲜质量、相对地下部鲜质量、相对植株鲜质量、相对地上部干质量、相对地下部干质量和相对植株干质量等10个指标耐盐指数品种间呈正态分布, 变异较大。主成分分析将10个指标归结为不相关的独立因子, 采用综合得分将107个品种(系)聚类为高度耐盐型、耐盐型、盐敏感型和高度盐敏感型4组, 0.15%浓度下4个类型品种数分别占供试材料的45.79%、39.25%、7.48%和7.48%; 0.30%浓度下4个类型品种(系)数分别占供试材料的11.21%、47.66%、22.43%和18.69%; 0.45%浓度下4个类型品种(系)数分别占供试材料的6.54%、23.36%、50.47%和19.63%。部分品种(系)在各强度盐胁迫下均表现为耐盐或盐敏感, 部分品种(系)在低强度胁迫下表现为耐盐, 而在高强度胁迫下表现为盐敏感。3个浓度盐胁迫下高度耐盐型、耐盐型、盐敏感型和盐高度敏感型分组一致的品种(系)分别有1个(‘阜花11’)、7个(‘花育28’、‘Z11’、‘花育39’、‘花育32’、‘HLN2’、‘粤油26’、‘XE019’)、0个和1个(‘D1035’)。盐胁迫下, 不同耐盐类型花生品种(系)出苗时间、植株形态和生物量等10个指标间差异达显著或极显著水平, 盐敏感类型比耐盐类型品种(系)出苗时间延长, 植株形态建成抑制加重, 物质积累减少。

Aims In the present study, the degree of salt tolerance in different peanut varieties/lines was investigated from emergence to seedling stage.
Methods The seeds of peanut varieties/lines were planted in pots with salt levels of 0, 0.15%, 0.30%, and 0.45% NaCl in soils. The degree of salinity tolerance was systematically evaluated according to ten indices reflecting emergence, morphology, and biomass accumulation, etc.
Important findings Statistic analysis for the 10 indices, including the relative emergence time, relative plant height, relative stem height, relative taproot length, relative shoot fresh mass, relative root fresh mass, relative shoot dry mass, relative root dry mass, and relative plant dry mass, showed large variations among the 107 varieties/lines; each index displayed a normal distribution under different salt stresses. Using the principal component analysis, the ten indices could be categorized into several independent factors. According to the total score, the 107 varieties/lines were divided into four groups, i.e., highly salt tolerant, salt tolerant, salt susceptible, and highly salt susceptible, by cluster analysis at salt level of 0.15%, 0.30%, and 0.45%, respectively. The 107 varieties/lines accounted for 29.0%, 39.0%, 27.5%, and 4.5%, respectively under salt level of 0.15%, and 5.5%, 34.5%, 23.5%, and 29.0%, respectively under salt level of 0.30%, in the highly salt tolerant, salt tolerant, salt susceptible, and highly salt susceptible groups. The salt tolerance in some varieties/lines varied with the level of salt stresses; some varieties/lines showed tolerance under low salt stress but susceptible under high salt stress. The number of varieties/lines showed the same tolerance or susceptibility under different salt stresses was 1 (‘Fuhua 11’), 7 (‘Huayu 28’, ‘Z11’, ‘Huayu 39’, ‘Huayu 32’, ‘HLN2’, ‘Yueyou 26’, and ‘XE019’), 0 and 1 (‘D1035’), respectively, in the highly salt tolerant, salt tolerant, salt susceptible, and highly salt susceptible groups. The 10 indices reflecting emergence, morphology, and biomass accumulation, etc., differed significantly or highly significantly among the varieties/lines in the four groups. Compared to the salt tolerant groups, the salt susceptible groups had prolonged emergence time and increased inhibition in plant morphological development and biomass accumulation under high level of salt stress.