Functional trait variation of plant communities in canopy gaps of Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0350

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Canopy gaps are a vital part of forest regeneration and succession. This paper aims to reveal the sources of functional trait variations and their relative contributions under forest canopy gaps. This will help to clarify the response of the plants to canopy gaps.
Methods The study was conducted in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii in the central subtropical zone. Nine permanent plots with different sizes were set up under canopy gaps of this forest. The relative contributions of the gaps, species, and individuals to leaf trait variations were investigated using variance decomposition. Linear regression was used to analyze the importance of community mean trait variation and inter- and intraspecific trait variation among the different sizes of canopy gaps.
Important findings The variations of specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf thickness, and chlorophyll content of plants under canopy gaps were dominated by interspecific trait differences. Leaf nitrogen content was mainly varied within species, while the leaf phosphorus content was most affected by the size of canopy gap. The leaf phosphorus content had a significant positive correlation with gap size. This correlation may be mediated by the positive effect of soil temperature and hydrolyzed nitrogen and the negative effect of available phosphorus content. With the increase of canopy openness, the change of community phosphorus content was mainly caused by intraspecific trait variation, in which the dominant species played an important role. In conclusion, plant functional traits were still dominated by interspecific trait variation (41% on average) in the Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest, but the changes in community traits along the gap size gradients were mainly originated from intraspecific trait variation, which responded to the environmental changes through plant phenotypic plasticity, especially for dominant species.

Key words: trait variation, gap size, interspecific variation, intraspecific variation, community trait

JIANG Lan, WEI Chen-Si, HE Zhong-Sheng, ZHU Jing, XING Cong, WANG Xue-Lin, LIU Jin-Fu, SHEN Cai-Xia, SHI You-Wen. Functional trait variation of plant communities in canopy gaps of Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(3): 267-279.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0350

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I3/267

Figures/Tables 8

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林窗编号 Gap number	林窗面积 Gap area (m²)	林冠开放度 Canopy openness (%)	海拔 Altitude (m)	物种数 Species number	主要树种 Dominate species
L1	210.56	31.96	224	24	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 狗骨柴 Diplospora dubia
L2	200.38	23.92	211	18	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 木荷 Schima superba
L3	207.57	29.91	214	22	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata
M1	74.22	17.34	196	11	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 黄绒润楠 Machilus grijsii 木荷 Schima superba
M2	70.59	11.56	214	18	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia
M3	74.65	19.21	188	13	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 狗骨柴 Diplospora dubia
S1	32.11	7.45	225	16	桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 黄绒润楠 Machilus grijsii 茜树 Aidia cochinchinensis
S2	31.59	7.32	203	10	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 木荷 Schima superba
S3	36.78	8.32	214	19	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 榕叶冬青 Ilex ficoidea

林窗编号 Gap number	林窗面积 Gap area (m²)	林冠开放度 Canopy openness (%)	海拔 Altitude (m)	物种数 Species number	主要树种 Dominate species
L1	210.56	31.96	224	24	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 狗骨柴 Diplospora dubia
L2	200.38	23.92	211	18	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 木荷 Schima superba
L3	207.57	29.91	214	22	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata
M1	74.22	17.34	196	11	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 黄绒润楠 Machilus grijsii 木荷 Schima superba
M2	70.59	11.56	214	18	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia
M3	74.65	19.21	188	13	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 狗骨柴 Diplospora dubia
S1	32.11	7.45	225	16	桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 黄绒润楠 Machilus grijsii 茜树 Aidia cochinchinensis
S2	31.59	7.32	203	10	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 木荷 Schima superba
S3	36.78	8.32	214	19	格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii 桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea 榕叶冬青 Ilex ficoidea

物种 Species	种内性状变异系数 Coefficient of variation of intraspecific functional traits
物种 Species	SLA	LDMC	Chl	LT	LNC	LPC
八角枫 Alangium chinense	-	-	-	-	-	-
白花苦灯笼 Tarenna mollissima	0.22	0.37	0.03	0.26	0.34	0.23
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	0.04	0.23	0.05	0.16	0.21	0.44
冬青 Ilex chinensis	0.07	0.13	0.02	0.09	0.13	0.21
短尾越桔 Vaccinium carlesii	0.02	0.72	0.04	0.16	0.40	0.44
格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii	0.04	0.66	0.75	0.61	0.71	0.72
狗骨柴 Diplospora dubia	0.03	0.71	0.85	0.76	0.73	0.84
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia	0.04	0.23	0.03	0.08	0.10	0.37
广东冬青 Ilex kwangtungensis	0.01	0.58	0.04	0.10	0.24	0.01
桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea	0.03	0.81	0.93	0.79	0.76	1.09
褐毛石楠 Photinia hirsuta	0.01	0.10	0.04	0.08	0.12	0.62
红皮糙果茶 Camellia crapnelliana	0.08	0.14	0.01	0.04	0.04	0.39
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhami	0.04	0.57	0.68	0.54	0.63	0.69
华南桂 Cinnamomum austrosinense	0.03	0.39	0.02	0.05	0.20	0.44
黄绒润楠 Machilus grijsii	0.10	0.55	0.60	0.48	0.48	0.90
幌伞枫 Heteropanax fragrans	0.05	0.15	0.01	0.42	0.04	0.01
矩叶鼠刺 Itea oblonga	0.03	0.15	0.01	0.08	0.11	0.29
罗浮栲 Castanopsis faberi	-	-	-	-	-	-
罗浮柿 Diospyros morrisiana	0.16	0.36	0.00	0.27	0.23	0.59
毛冬青 Ilex pubescens	0.04	0.30	0.03	0.17	0.26	0.41
米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	0.03	0.11	0.03	0.07	0.03	0.16
闽楠 Phoebe bournei	0.00	0.12	0.01	0.03	0.08	0.13
木荷 Schima superba	0.06	0.12	0.02	0.13	0.12	0.54
木姜叶柯 Lithocarpus litseifolius	0.01	0.20	0.00	0.03	0.54	0.31
茜树 Aidia cochinchinensis	0.09	0.37	0.01	0.11	0.09	0.30
日本杜英 Elaeocarpus japonicus	0.05	0.35	0.38	0.35	0.46	0.61
绒毛山胡椒 Lindera nacusua	-	-	-	-	-	-
榕叶冬青 Ilex ficoidea	0.00	0.49	0.01	0.13	0.02	0.14
山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba	-	-	-	-		-
山杜英 Elaeocarpus sylvestris	0.06	0.18	0.03	0.06	0.51	0.07
山矾 Symplocos sumuntia	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.08	0.18	0.42
千里香 Murraya paniculata	0.04	0.30	0.03	0.08	0.22	0.16
石斑木 Rhaphiolepis indica	-	-	-	-	-	-
石楠 Photinia serrulata	-	-	-	-	-	-
树参 Dendropanax dentiger	-	-	-	-	-	-
光亮山矾 Symplocos lucida	-	-	-	-	-	-
酸味子 Antidesma japonicum	0.13	0.20	0.04	0.27	0.11	0.55
台湾冬青 Ilex formosana	-	-	-	-	-	-
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	-	-	-	-	-	-
细枝柃 Eurya loquaiana	0.06	0.07	0.02	0.19	0.06	0.57
香港新木姜子 Neolitsea cambodiana var. glabra	0.02	0.17	0.02	0.07	0.06	0.54
香叶树 Lindera communis	-	-	-	-	-	-
小叶蚊母树 Distylium buxifolium	-	-	-	-	-	-
新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata	0.02	0.13	0.01	0.08	0.07	0.31
杨桐 Adinandra millettii	-	-	-	-	-	-
野含笑 Michelia skinneriana	-	-	-	-	-	-
油茶 Camellia oleifera	0.03	0.07	0.02	0.12	0.10	0.46
种间性状变异 Coefficient of variation of interspecific functional traits	0.08	0.25	0.04	0.16	0.13	0.28
平均种内性状变异 Mean coefficient of variation of intraspecific functional trait	0.05	0.31	0.14	0.21	0.25	0.42

物种 Species	种内性状变异系数 Coefficient of variation of intraspecific functional traits
物种 Species	SLA	LDMC	Chl	LT	LNC	LPC
八角枫 Alangium chinense	-	-	-	-	-	-
白花苦灯笼 Tarenna mollissima	0.22	0.37	0.03	0.26	0.34	0.23
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	0.04	0.23	0.05	0.16	0.21	0.44
冬青 Ilex chinensis	0.07	0.13	0.02	0.09	0.13	0.21
短尾越桔 Vaccinium carlesii	0.02	0.72	0.04	0.16	0.40	0.44
格氏栲 Castanopsis kawakamii	0.04	0.66	0.75	0.61	0.71	0.72
狗骨柴 Diplospora dubia	0.03	0.71	0.85	0.76	0.73	0.84
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia	0.04	0.23	0.03	0.08	0.10	0.37
广东冬青 Ilex kwangtungensis	0.01	0.58	0.04	0.10	0.24	0.01
桂北木姜子 Litsea subcoriacea	0.03	0.81	0.93	0.79	0.76	1.09
褐毛石楠 Photinia hirsuta	0.01	0.10	0.04	0.08	0.12	0.62
红皮糙果茶 Camellia crapnelliana	0.08	0.14	0.01	0.04	0.04	0.39
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhami	0.04	0.57	0.68	0.54	0.63	0.69
华南桂 Cinnamomum austrosinense	0.03	0.39	0.02	0.05	0.20	0.44
黄绒润楠 Machilus grijsii	0.10	0.55	0.60	0.48	0.48	0.90
幌伞枫 Heteropanax fragrans	0.05	0.15	0.01	0.42	0.04	0.01
矩叶鼠刺 Itea oblonga	0.03	0.15	0.01	0.08	0.11	0.29
罗浮栲 Castanopsis faberi	-	-	-	-	-	-
罗浮柿 Diospyros morrisiana	0.16	0.36	0.00	0.27	0.23	0.59
毛冬青 Ilex pubescens	0.04	0.30	0.03	0.17	0.26	0.41
米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	0.03	0.11	0.03	0.07	0.03	0.16
闽楠 Phoebe bournei	0.00	0.12	0.01	0.03	0.08	0.13
木荷 Schima superba	0.06	0.12	0.02	0.13	0.12	0.54
木姜叶柯 Lithocarpus litseifolius	0.01	0.20	0.00	0.03	0.54	0.31
茜树 Aidia cochinchinensis	0.09	0.37	0.01	0.11	0.09	0.30
日本杜英 Elaeocarpus japonicus	0.05	0.35	0.38	0.35	0.46	0.61
绒毛山胡椒 Lindera nacusua	-	-	-	-	-	-
榕叶冬青 Ilex ficoidea	0.00	0.49	0.01	0.13	0.02	0.14
山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba	-	-	-	-		-
山杜英 Elaeocarpus sylvestris	0.06	0.18	0.03	0.06	0.51	0.07
山矾 Symplocos sumuntia	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.08	0.18	0.42
千里香 Murraya paniculata	0.04	0.30	0.03	0.08	0.22	0.16
石斑木 Rhaphiolepis indica	-	-	-	-	-	-
石楠 Photinia serrulata	-	-	-	-	-	-
树参 Dendropanax dentiger	-	-	-	-	-	-
光亮山矾 Symplocos lucida	-	-	-	-	-	-
酸味子 Antidesma japonicum	0.13	0.20	0.04	0.27	0.11	0.55
台湾冬青 Ilex formosana	-	-	-	-	-	-
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	-	-	-	-	-	-
细枝柃 Eurya loquaiana	0.06	0.07	0.02	0.19	0.06	0.57
香港新木姜子 Neolitsea cambodiana var. glabra	0.02	0.17	0.02	0.07	0.06	0.54
香叶树 Lindera communis	-	-	-	-	-	-
小叶蚊母树 Distylium buxifolium	-	-	-	-	-	-
新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata	0.02	0.13	0.01	0.08	0.07	0.31
杨桐 Adinandra millettii	-	-	-	-	-	-
野含笑 Michelia skinneriana	-	-	-	-	-	-
油茶 Camellia oleifera	0.03	0.07	0.02	0.12	0.10	0.46
种间性状变异 Coefficient of variation of interspecific functional traits	0.08	0.25	0.04	0.16	0.13	0.28
平均种内性状变异 Mean coefficient of variation of intraspecific functional trait	0.05	0.31	0.14	0.21	0.25	0.42

变异来源 Source of variability	响应变量 Predictive variable	预测变量 Response variable	斜率 Slope	R²	p	相对重要性 Relative importance (%)
种间和种内 Inter- and intraspecific	CO	CWM_{population_LPC}	0.016	0.67	0.007	100.00
种间 Interspecific	CO	CWM_{species_LPC}	0.003	0.62	0.012	17.79
种内 Intraspecific	-	-	-	-	-	82.21