Effects of different clipping degrees on non-structural carbohydrate metabolism and biomass of Cyperus esculentus

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0484

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of different stubble height on non-structural carbohydrate metabolism of Cyperus esculentus, to further clarify the relationship between stubble height and aboveground biomass of C. esculentus, and to seek the best clipping height.
Methods The growth physiology parameters, non-structural carbohydrates and aboveground biomass of C. esculentus leaves at six stubble heights (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm and uncut) were determined.
Important findings The results showed that clipping can stimulate the photosynthesis of C. esculentus. The peak of regeneration and growth was reached from 1 to 14 days after clipping. The contents of soluble sugars in leaves of 30 cm stubbles (7th, 21st and 28th days) were higher than those in leaves of other treatments, which were 9.22%, 10.83% and 9.07%, respectively, and the starch contents (14th and 21st days) were 4.88% and 4.11%, respectively. The sucrose contents in leaves of 40 cm stubbles (21st and 28th days) were higher than those in leaves of other treatments, which were 7.88% and 11.38%, respectively. The fructose contents (14th and 21st days) were also higher than those in leaves of other treatments, which were 5.29% and 6.40%, respectively. The activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase in 30 cm stubbles and 40 cm stubbles were higher than those in other treatments in different periods after clipping. Stubble 10 cm inhibited the increase of sucrose content and related enzyme activities of C. esculentus. The total amount of forage at clipping and harvest, the hay mass of 30 cm stubbles was up to 10 605.11 kg·hm^-2, 19.93% higher than that of uncut. The hay mass of 40 cm stubbles was up to 8 976.93 kg·hm^-2, 1.52% higher than that of uncut. In addition, through redundancy analysis, soluble sugar content, the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase were important factors affecting the forage yield and regeneration rate. In the long period of cutting (day 7-28), 30-40 cm stubbles were more conducive to regeneration and growth, accumulation and synthesis of non-structural carbohydrate, as well as related enzyme activities and forage yield. Therefore, the suitable stubble height range was 30-40 cm.

Key words: Cyperus esculentus, stubble height, photosynthetic characteristics, non-structural carbohydrate, biomass

LI Bian-Bian, ZHANG Feng-Hua, ZHAO Ya-Guang, SUN Bing-Nan. Effects of different clipping degrees on non-structural carbohydrate metabolism and biomass of Cyperus esculentus[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(1): 101-113.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0484

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2023/V47/I1/101

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of the tested soil in Fukang

土壤类型 Soil type	土层 Soil layer	质地 Soil texture	有机质含量 Organic matter content (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	pH
棕漠土 Brown desert soil	0-20 cm	壤土 Loam	13.64	0.86	347.37	20.16	7.92

Fig. 1 Effect of different stubble height on regeneration rate of Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 2 Effects of different stubble height on leaf area per plant and of relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) value of Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 3 Effects of different stubble heights on the photosynthetic characteristics of different stubble height Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; Gs, stomatic conductance; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Tr, transpiration rate. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 4 Effects of different stubble height on soluble sugar content and sucrose content of different stubble height Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 5 Effects of different stubble height on starch and fructose content of different stubble height Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 6 Effects of different stubble height on the activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) in the leaves of different stubble height Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE). CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different stubble clipping treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 2 Effects of different stubble height on aboveground biomass of Cyperus esculentus (mean ± SE)

留茬处理 Stubble treatment	刈割时 Clipping		收获时 Reward		合计 Total
留茬处理 Stubble treatment	鲜质量 Fresh mass (kg·hm^-2)	干质量 Dry mass (kg·hm^-2)	鲜质量 Fresh mass (kg·hm^-2)	干质量 Dry mass (kg·hm^-2)	鲜质量 Fresh mass (kg·hm^-2)	干质量 Dry mass (kg·hm^-2)
CK	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.00 ± 0.00^e	22 501.13 ± 610.32^a	8 842.62 ± 357.88^ab	22 501.13 ± 1 802.87^d	8 842.62 ± 357.88^b
R50	1 833.43 ± 288.69^cd	741.07 ± 29.17^d	20 001.00 ± 566.38^b	7 738.24 ± 282.26^c	21 834.43 ± 1 607.36^d	8 479.31 ± 286.97^b
R40	4 722.46 ± 481.15^bc	1 472.57 ± 515.51^c	22 001.10 ± 1 000.05^a	8 976.93 ± 339.92^a	29 723.71 ± 1 601.58^b	10 449.51 ± 245.49^a
R30	6 500.33 ± 500.03^b	2 231.38 ± 277.61^b	23 334.50 ± 789.60^a	8 373.73 ± 265.79^b	29 834.83 ± 1 756.03^b	10 605.11 ± 102.57^a
R20	12 037.64 ± 556.51^a	4 473.91 ± 634.8^a	14 500.73 ± 685.05^d	5 804.22 ± 171.48^d	26 538.36 ± 445.62^c	10 278.13 ± 604.49^a
R10	15 500.78 ± 866.07^a	4 048.94 ± 181.72^a	17 500.88 ± 500.03^c	6 223.71 ± 171.42^d	33 001.65 ± 1 322.94^a	10 272.65 ± 260.16^a

Fig. 7 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of above-ground biomass, regeneration rate and non-structural carbohydrate related indicators in five periods of different stubble height Cyperus esculentus. A, B, C, D and E represent the five periods of 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d, respectively. FDG, dry mass at harvest; R, regeneration rate; RFG, fresh mass at harvest; SPS, sucrose phosphate synthetase; SS, sucrose synthetase; TDG, total dry mass; TFG, total fresh mass. CK, control; R10-R50, stubble height is 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm, respectively. Subscript 1, 2, 3 represent repetition.

Table 3 Based on redundancy analysis of the influence of different indicators on the aboveground biomass and regeneration rate of Cyperus esculentus

指标 Index	R²					p ( > r)
指标 Index	1 d	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	1 d	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d
可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	0.671	0.648	0.744	0.561	0.569	0.001^***	0.002^**	0.001^***	0.007^**	0.003^**
蔗糖含量 Sucrose content	0.413	0.050	0.346	0.004	0.007	0.029^*	0.677	0.034^*	0.963	0.950
果糖含量 Fructose content	0.186	0.432	0.129	0.300	0.292	0.216	0.017^*	0.358	0.065	0.060
淀粉含量 Starch content	0.208	0.524	0.013	0.377	0.027	0.166	0.003^**	0.917	0.022^*	0.828
蔗糖合成酶活性 SS activity	0.298	0.804	0.506	0.357	0.520	0.074	0.001^***	0.006^**	0.041^*	0.010^**
蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性 SPS activity	0.643	0.492	0.513	0.478	0.648	0.002^**	0.010^**	0.008^**	0.005^**	0.001^**

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