/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology >
Characteristics of soil respiration in different degraded alpine grassland in the source region of Three-River
Received date: 2013-01-11
Accepted date: 2013-05-24
Online published: 2014-02-12
Aims Soil respiration is a major way that CO2 is emitted into the atmosphere, and it is important in global change research. Our objective was to examine the effects of degradation on carbon flux in alpine grassland.
Methods We measured soil respiration rates in alpine grassland under four degrees of degradation (no, light, moderate, and heavy degradation) using a LI-8100A open-circuit soil carbon flux measuring system. We analyzed the relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature, as well as between soil respiration and soil moisture.
Important findings Soil respiration under each level of degradation showed a monthly dynamic, but it varied by degree of degradation. With an increase of degradation, average soil respiration of the growing season first increased and then decreased. The highest soil respiration occurred under the moderate level ((2.46 ± 0.27) μmol·m-2·s-1), which was significantly higher than under no degradation ((1.92 ± 0.11) μmol·m-2·s-1) and heavy degradation ((1.30 ± 0.16) μmol·m-2·s-1) (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the moderate degradation and the light degradation (p > 0.05). The respiration under heavy degradation was significantly lower than under the other degradation levels (p < 0.01). There was a significant positive linear correlation between aboveground biomass and soil respiration (p = 0.004), but not between soil respiration and underground biomass (p = 0.056). There was a significant positive correlation between soil respiration and soil temperature at each level except heavy degradation. There were correlations between soil respiration and soil moisture (binomial fitting) with no degradation as well as moderate and heavy degradation (p < 0.05), and it was significantly correlated with light degradation (p < 0.01).
WEN Jun, ZHOU Hua-Kun, YAO Bu-Qing, LI Yi-Kang, ZHAO Xin-Quan, CHEN Zhe, LIAN Li-Ye, GUO Kai-Xian . Characteristics of soil respiration in different degraded alpine grassland in the source region of Three-River[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014 , 38(2) : 209 -218 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00018
| [1] | An Y, Han GD (1999). The difference between the grass and soil in different stage of grassland deterioration. Grassland of China, ( 4), 31-36. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [1] | [ 安渊, 韩国栋 (1999). 不同退化梯度草地植物和土壤的差异. 中国草地, ( 4), 31-36.] |
| [2] | Baumann F, He JS, Schmidt K, Kühn P, Scholten T (2009). Pedogenesis, permafrost, and soil moisture as controlling factors for soil nitrogen and carbon contents across the Tibetan Plateau. Global Change Biology, 15, 3001-3017. |
| [3] | Boone RD, Nadelhoffer KJ, Canary JD, Kaye JP (1998). Roots exert a strong influence on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Nature, 396, 570-572. |
| [4] | Bortolon ESO, Mielniczuk J, Tornquist CG, Lopes F, Bergamaschi H (2011). Validation of the century model to estimate the impact of agriculture on soil organic carbon in Southern Brazil. Geoderma, 167, 156-166. |
| [5] | Cao GM, Li YN, Zhang JX, Zhao XQ (2001). Values of carbon dioxide emission from different land-use patterns of alpine meadow. Environmental Science, 22(6), 14-19. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [5] | [ 曹广民, 李英年, 张金霞, 赵新全 (2001). 高寒草甸不同土地利用格局土壤CO2的释放量. 环境科学, 22(6), 14-19.] |
| [6] | Chen GM (2005). The status of the degraded pasture and its strategies of management in black beach of the headwater region of the Three River. Journal of Sichuan Grassland,( 10), 37-44. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [6] | [ 陈国民 (2005). 三江源地区“黑土滩”退化草地现状及治理对策. 四川草原, ( 10), 37-44.] |
| [7] | Chen QS, Li LH, Han XG, Yan ZD, Wang YF, Zhang Y, Yuan ZY, Tang F (2003). Responses of soil respiration to temperature in eleven communities in Xilingol Grassland, Inner Mongolia. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 27, 441-447. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [7] | [ 陈全胜, 李凌浩, 韩兴国, 阎志丹, 王艳芬, 张焱, 袁志友, 唐芳 (2003). 温带草原11个植物群落夏秋土壤呼吸对气温变化的响应. 植物生态学报, 27, 441-447.] |
| [8] | Conant RT, Paustian K, Elliott ET (2001). Grassland management and conversion into grassland: effects on soil carbon. Ecological Applications, 11, 343-355. |
| [9] | Cui XY, Chen SQ, Chen ZZ (2000). CO2 release from typical Stipa grandis grassland soil. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 11, 390-394. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [9] | [ 崔骁勇, 陈四清, 陈佐忠 (2000). 大针茅典型草原土壤CO2排放规律的研究. 应用生态学报, 11, 390-394.] |
| [10] | Davidson EA, Belk E, Boone RD (1998). Soil water content and temperature as independent or confounded factors controlling soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest. Global Change Biology, 4, 217-227. |
| [11] | Eswaran H, van Den Berg E, Reich P (1993). Organic carbon in soils of the world. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57, 192-194. |
| [12] | Fang JY, Liu GH, Xu SL (1996). Soil carbon pool in China and its global significance. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8, 249-254. |
| [13] | Fang JY, Yang YH, Ma WH, Mohammat A, Shen HH (2010). Ecosystem carbon stocks and their changes in China’s grasslands. Science China Life Sciences, 53, 757-765. |
| [14] | Giardina CP, Ryan MG (2000). Evidence that decomposition rates of organic carbon in mineral soil do not vary with temperature. Nature, 404, 858-861. |
| [15] | Jia BR, Zhou GS, Wang FY, Wang YH (2004). A comparative study on soil respiration between grazing and fenced typical Leymus chinensis steppe, Inner Mongolia. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 15, 1611-1615. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [15] | [ 贾丙瑞, 周广胜, 王风玉, 王玉辉 (2004). 放牧与围栏羊草草原生态系统土壤呼吸作用比较. 应用生态学报, 15, 1611-1615.] |
| [16] | Johnston CA, Groffman P, Breshears DD, Cardon ZG, Currie W, Emanuel W, Gaudinski J, Jackson RB, Lajtha K, Nadelhoffer K, Nelson D Jr, Post WM, Retallack G, Wielopolski L (2004). Carbon cycling in soil. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2, 522-528. |
| [17] | Jong ED, Shappert HJV (1972). Calculation of soil respiration and activity form CO2 profiles in the soil. Soil Science, 113, 328-333. |
| [18] | Kuzyakov Y, Gavrichkova O (2010). Time lag between photosynthesis and carbon dioxide efflux from soil: a review of mechanisms and controls. Global Change Biology, 16, 3386-3406. |
| [19] | Langley JA, Megonigal JP (2010). Ecosystem response to elevated CO2 levels limited by nitrogen-induced plant species shift. Nature, 466, 96-99. |
| [20] | Li XY, Dong SK, Zhu L, Wen L (2010). Net carbon dioxide exchange of plant communities on degraded and restored alpine grasslands in headwater area of three rivers in China. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 29, 1944-1949. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [20] | [ 李小艳, 董世魁, 朱磊, 温璐 (2010). 三江源区高寒草地退化与恢复过程中二氧化碳净交换特征. 生态学杂志, 29, 1944-1949.] |
| [21] | Li YM (2010). Changes of organic carbon in soil under different land use patterns in alpine agricultural region of Qinghai. Agricultural Science & Technology, 11, 124-127. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [21] | [ 李月梅 (2010). 青海高寒农区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳含量变化研究. 农业科学与技术, 11, 124-127.] |
| [22] | Linn DM, Doran JW (1984). Effect of water-filled pore-space on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide production in tilled and nontilled soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 48, 1267-1272. |
| [23] | Liu T, Zhang YX, Xu ZZ, Zhou GS, Hou YH, Lin L (2012). Effects of short-term warming and increasing precipitation on soil respiration of desert steppe of Inner Mongolia. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 36, 1043-1053. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [23] | [ 刘涛, 张永贤, 许振柱, 周广胜, 侯彦会, 林琳 (2012). 短期增温和增加降水对内蒙古荒漠草原土壤呼吸的影响. 植物生态学报, 36, 1043-1053.] |
| [24] | Luo YQ, Wan SQ, Hui DF, Wallace LL (2001). Acclimatiza-tion of soil respiration to warming in a tall grass prairie. Nature, 413, 622-625. |
| [25] | Ma YS, Lang BN, Li QY, Shi JJ, Dong QM (2002). Study on rehabilitating and rebuilding technologies for degenerated alpine meadow in the Changjiang and Yellow River Source Region. Pratacultural Science, 19(9), 1-5. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [25] | [ 马玉寿, 郞百宁, 李青云, 施建军, 董全民 (2002). 江河源区高寒草甸退化草地恢复与重建技术研究. 草业科学, 19(9), 1-5.] |
| [26] | Ma YS, Shang ZH, Shi JJ, Dong QM, Wang YL, Yang SH (2006). Studies on communities diversity and their structure of “black-soil-land” degraded grassland in the headwater of Yellow River. Pratacultural Science, 23(12), 6-11. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [26] | [ 马玉寿, 尚占环, 施建军, 董全民, 王彦龙, 杨时海 (2006). 黄河源区“黑土滩”退化草地群落类型多样性及其群落结构研究. 草业科学, 23(12), 6-11.] |
| [27] | M?kiranta P, Laiho R, Fritze H, Hyt?nen J, Laine J, Minkkinen K (2009). Indirect regulation of heterotrophic peat soil respiration by water level via microbial community structure and temperature sensitivity. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41, 695-703. |
| [28] | Ryan MG, Binkley D, Fownes JH, Giardina CP, Senock RS (2004). An experimental test of the causes of forest growth decline with stand age. Ecological Monographs, 74, 393-414. |
| [29] | Shang ZH, Long RJ, Ma YS (2006). Discussion on restoration and rebuilding of “Blackion Soil Patch” degraded meadow in the headwater area of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 28, 69-74. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [29] | [ 尚占环, 龙瑞军, 马玉寿 (2006). 江河源区“黑土滩”退化草地特征、危害及治理思路探讨. 中国草地学报, 28, 69-74.] |
| [30] | Schimel DS, House JI, Hibbard KA, Bousquet P, Ciais P, Peylin P, Braswell BH, Apps MJ, Baker D, Bondeau A, Canadell J, Churkina G, Cramer W, Denning AS, Field CB, Friedlingstein P, Goodale C, Heimann M, Houghton RA, Melillo JM, Moore B, Murdiyarso D, Noble I, Pacala SW, Prentice IC, Raupach MR, Rayner PJ, Scholes RJ, Steffen WL, Wirth C (2001). Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Nature, 414, 169-172. |
| [31] | Schindlbacher A, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Kitzler B, Jandl R (2008). Experimental forest soil warming: response of autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration to a short-term 10 oC temperature rise. Plant and Soil, 303, 323-330. |
| [32] | Schlesinger WH, Andrews JA (2000). Soil respiration and the global carbon cycle. Biogeochemistry, 48, 7-20. |
| [33] | Striegl RG, Wickland KP (2001). Soil respiration and photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide by ground-cover plants in four ages of jack pine forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 31, 1540-1550. |
| [34] | Tian YQ, Gao Q, Zhang ZC, Zhang Y, Zhu K (2009). The advances in study on plant photosynthesis and soil respiration of alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 18, 711-721. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [34] | [ 田玉强, 高琼, 张智才, 张勇, 朱锴 (2009). 青藏高原高寒草地植物光合与土壤呼吸研究进展. 生态环境学报, 18, 711-721.] |
| [35] | Tornquist CG, Mielniczuk J, Cerri CEP (2009). Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics in Oxisols of Ibirubá (Brazil) with the Century model. Soil and Tillage Research, 105, 33-43. |
| [36] | Xi JX, Zhai CX, Li Y (2008). A comparative study on soil CO2 flux between a saline desert and a cropped-oasis farmland. Progress in Natural Science, 18, 262-268. (in Chinese) |
| [36] | [ 谢静霞, 翟翠霞, 李彦 (2008). 盐生荒漠与绿洲农田土壤CO2通量的对比研究. 自然科学进展, 18, 262-268.] |
| [37] | Xu M, Qi Y (2001). Soil surface CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal variations in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California. Global Change Biology, 7, 667-677. |
| [38] | Wang GX, Cheng GD, Shen YP (2002). Soil organic carbon pool of grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau and its global implication. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 24, 693-700. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [38] | [ 王根绪, 程国栋, 沈永平 (2002). 青藏高原草地土壤有机碳库及其全球意义. 冰川冻土, 24, 693-700.] |
| [39] | Wang GX, Qian J, Cheng GD, Lai YM (2002). Soil organic carbon pool of grassland soils on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its global implication. Science of the Total Environment, 291, 207-217. |
| [40] | Wang SP, Wilkes A, Zhang ZC, Chang XF, Lang R, Wang YF, Niu HS (2011). Management and land use change effects on soil carbon in northern China’s grasslands: a synthesis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 142, 329-340. |
| [41] | Wu LB, Gu S, Zhao L, Xu SX, Zhou HK, Feng C, Xu WX, Li YN, Zhao XQ, Tang YH (2010). Variation in net CO2 exchange, gross primary production and its affecting factors in the planted pasture ecosystem in Sanjiangyuan Region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 34, 770-780. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [41] | [ 吴力博, 古松, 赵亮, 徐世晓, 周华坤, 冯超, 徐维新, 李英年, 赵新全, 唐艳鸿 (2010). 三江源地区人工草地的生态系统CO2净交换、总初级生产力及其影响因子. 植物生态学报, 34, 770-780.] |
| [42] | Zeng YN, Feng ZD (2008). Effect of desertification on soil organic carbon pool of grassland in headwater area of Yellow River. Journal of Desert Research, 28, 208-211. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [42] | [ 曾永年, 冯兆东 (2008). 黄河源区土地沙漠化及其对土壤碳库的影响研究. 中国沙漠, 28, 208-211.] |
| [43] | Zhang XZ, Shi PL, Liu YF, Ouyang H (2004). Experimental study on soil CO2 emission in the alpine grassland ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau. Science China Earth Sciences, 34, 93-199. |
| [43] | [ 张宪洲, 石培礼, 刘允芬, 欧阳华 (2004). 青藏高原高寒草原生态系统土壤CO2排放及其碳平衡. 中国科学: D 辑, 34, 93-199.] |
| [44] | Zhao XQ, Cao GM, Li YN, Xu SX, Cui XY, Zhou HK (2009). Alpine Meadow Ecosystem and Global Change. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [44] | [ 赵新全, 曹广民, 李英年, 徐世晓, 崔骁勇, 周华坤 (2009). 高寒草甸生态系统与全球变化. 科学出版社, 北京.] |
| [45] | Zhao XQ, Ma YS, Wang QJ, Liu W, Zhou L, Zhou HK (2011). The Restoration and Sustainable Management of Degrad- ed Grassland Ecosystem in the Source Region of Three-River. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [45] | [ 赵新全, 马玉寿, 王启基, 刘伟, 周立, 周华坤 (2011). 三江源区退化草地生态系统恢复与可持续管理. 科学出版社, 北京.] |
| [46] | Zhou HK, Zhao XQ, Wen J, Chen Z, Yao BQ, Yang YW, Xu WX, Duan JC (2012). The characteristics of soil and vegetation of degenerated alpine steppe in the Yellow River Source Region. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 21(5), 1-11. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [46] | [ 周华坤, 赵新全, 温军, 陈哲, 姚步青, 杨元武, 徐维新, 段吉闯 (2012). 黄河源区高寒草原的植被退化与土壤退化特征. 草业学报, 21(5), 1-11.] |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |