/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology >
Estimation of carbon emissions due to forest fire in Daxing’an Mountains from 1965 to 2010
Online published: 2012-07-10
Aims Forest fire is a major disturbance factor for forest ecosystems and an important pathway of decreasing vegetation- and soil-carbon storage. Scientifically and effectively measuring carbonaceous gases emission from forest fire is important in understanding the significance of forest fire in carbon balance and climate change. However, carbon emissions from forest fire remain unclear. Our objective was to estimate carbon emissions from forest fires from 1965 to 2010 in Daxing’an Mountains of Heilongjiang Province, China.
Methods We used a geographic information system (GIS) based modeling approach to generate emission estimates using a two-step procedure. First, we calculated total carbon released from forest fires in Daxing’an Mountains for selected years between 1965 and 2010 by merging and analyzing several measurement parameters. Second, we calculated amounts of four carbonaceous gases released during the burns, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC), using several different experimentally derived emission factors. The origin of each of the inputs used in our models is based on a combination of analysis of forest fire statistics, forest resources inventory, field research and laboratory experiments.
Important findings Direct total carbon emissions from forest fires in Daxing’an Mountains during 1965-2010 are about 2.93 × 107t, and mean annual carbon emissions are about 6.38 × 10 5t per year, accounting for 5.64% of the direct total carbon emissions from forest fires in China. Carbon atmospheric emissions of CO2, CO, CH4 and NMHC from forest fires were 1.02 × 108t, 9.41 × 10 6t, 5.41 × 10 5t and 2.11 × 10 5t, respectively, and mean annual emissions of CO2, CO, CH4, and NMHC from forest fires were 2.22 × 106t, 2.05 × 10 5t, 1.18 × 10 4t and 4.59 × 10 3t, respectively, accounting for 5.46%, 7.56%, 10.54% and 4.06% of the amounts of four carbonaceous gases released from forest fires in China, respectively. Our results indicate that combustion efficiency of coniferous broad-leaved mixed forests is lower than other forest types, and burned area of coniferous broad-leaved mixed forests accounts for 21.23% of total burned area, but carbon emissions accounts for 7.81% of total carbon emissions.
HU Hai-Qing, WEI Shu-Jing, SUN Long . Estimation of carbon emissions due to forest fire in Daxing’an Mountains from 1965 to 2010[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012 , 36(7) : 629 -644 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00629
| [1] | Amiro BD, Todd JB, Wotton BM, Logan KA, Flannigan MD, Stocks BJ, Mason JA, Martell DL, Hirsch KG (2001). Direct carbon emissions from Canadian forest fires, 1959- 1999. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 31, 512-525. |
| [2] | Andreae MO, Merlet P (2001). Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15, 955-966. |
| [3] | Aulair AND, Carter TB (1993). Forest wildfires as a recent source of CO2 at northern latitudes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 23, 1528-1536. |
| [4] | Cahoon DR Jr, Stocks BJ, Levine JS, Cofer WR III, Pierson JM (1994). Satellite analysis of the severe 1987 forest fires in northern China and southeastern Siberia. Journal of Geophysics Research, 97, 805-814. |
| [5] | Choi SD, Chang YS, Park BK (2006). Increase in carbon emissions from forest fires after intensive reforestation and forest management programs. Science of the Total Environment, 372, 225-235. |
| [6] | Cofer WR III, Winstead EL, Stocks BJ, Overbay LW, Goldammer JG, Cahoon DR, Levine JS (1996). Emissions from boreal forest fires: Are the atmospheric impacts underestimated? In: Levine JS ed. Biomass Burning and Global Change, Vol. 2. The MIT Press, Cambridge, UK. 834-839. |
| [7] | Conard SG, Ivanova GA (1997). Wildfire in Russian boreal forests-potential impacts of fire regime characteristics on emissions and global carbon balance estimates. Environment Pollution, 98, 305-313. |
| [8] | Crutzen PJ, Andreae MO (1990). Biomass burning in the tropics: impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Science, 250, 1669-1678. |
| [9] | Crutzen PJ, Heidt LE, Krasnec JP, Pollock WH, Seiler W (1979). Biomass burning as a source of atmospheric gases CO, H2, N2O, NO, CH3Cl, and COS. Nature, 282, 253-256. |
| [10] | de Groot WJ, Landry R, Kurz WA, Anderson KR, Englefield P, Fraser RH, Hall RJ, Banfield E, Raymond DA, Decker V, Lynham TJ, Pritchard JM (2007). Estimating direct carbon emissions from Canadian wildland fires. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 16, 593-606. |
| [11] | Dixon RK, Solomon AM, Brown S, Houghton RA, Trexier MC, Wisniewski J (1994). Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. Science, 263, 185-190. |
| [12] | Fang JY (方精云) (2000). Forest biomass carbon pool of middle and high latitudes in North Hemisphere is probably much smaller than present estimates. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 24, 635-638. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [13] | Fang JY, Chen AP, Peng CH, Zhao SQ, Ci LJ (2001). Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949 and 1998. Science, 292, 2320-2322. |
| [14] | Fang JY (方精云), Chen AP (陈安平), Zhao SQ (赵淑清), Ci LJ (慈龙骏) (2002). Estimating biomass carbon of China’s forests: supplementary notes on report published in Science (291: 2320-2322) by Fang et al. (2001). Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 26, 243-249. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [15] | French NHF, Goovaerts P, Kasischke ES (2004). Uncertainty in estimating carbon emissions from boreal forest fires. Journal of Geophysics Research, 109, D14S08, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003635. |
| [16] | French NHF, Kasischke ES, Stocks BJ (2000). Carbon released from fires in North American boreal forests. In: Kasischke ES, Stocks BJ eds. Springer-Verlag, New York. 377-388. |
| [17] | French NHF, Kasischke ES, Williams DG (2001). Variability in the emission of carbon-based trace gases from wildfire in the Alaskan boreal forest. Journal of Geophysics Research, 107, 8151, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000480. |
| [18] | Guo FT (郭福涛), Hu HQ (胡海清), Jin S (金森), Ma ZH (马志海), Zhang Y (张扬) (2010a). Relationship between forest lighting fire occurrence and weather factors in Daxing’an Mountains based on negative binomial model and zero-inflated negative binomial models. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 34, 571-577. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [19] | Guo FT (郭福涛), Hu HQ (胡海清), Peng XJ (彭徐剑) (2010b). Estimation of gases released from shrubs, herbs and litters layer of different forest types in Daxing’an Mountains by forest fires from 1980 to 2005. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 46(1), 78-83. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [20] | He HS (贺红士), Chang Y (常禹), Hu YM (胡远满), Liu ZH (刘志华) (2010). Contemporary studies and future perspectives of forest fuel and fuel management. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 34, 741-752. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [21] | Houghton RA, Skole DL, Nobre CA, Hackler JL, Lawrence KT, Chomentowski WH (2000). Annual fluxes of carbon from deforestation and regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon. Nature, 403, 301-304. |
| [22] | Hu HQ (胡海清), Sun L (孙龙), Guo QX (国庆喜), Lü XS (吕新双) (2007). Carbon emissions from forest fires on main arbor species in Daxing’an Mountains in Heilongjiang Province. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 43(11), 82-88. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [23] | Hu HQ (胡海清), Wei SJ (魏书精), Jin S (金森), Sun L (孙龙) (2012). Measurement model of carbon emission from forest fire: a review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 23, 1423-1434. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [24] | IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)(1991). Climate Change in 1991: the Science of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. |
| [25] | IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (1997). Climate Change in 1997: the Science of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. |
| [26] | IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2001). Climate Change in 2001: the Science of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. |
| [27] | Kasischke ES, Bruhwiler LP (2002). Emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane from boreal forest fires in 1998. Journal of Geophysics Research, 107, 8146, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000461. |
| [28] | Kasischke ES, French NHF, Bourgeau-Chavez LL, Christensen NL Jr (1995). Estimating release of carbon from 1990 and 1991 forest fires in Alaska. Journal of Geophysics Research, 100, 2941-2951. |
| [29] | Laursen KK, Hobbs PV, Radke LF, Rasmussen RA (1992). Some trace gas emissions from North American biomass fires with an assessment of regional and global fluxes from biomass burning. Journal of Geophysics Research, 97, 20687-20701. |
| [30] | Levine JS, Cofer WR III, Cahoon DR Jr, Winstead EL (1995). Biomass burning: a driver for global change. Environmental Science and Technology, 29, 120-125. |
| [31] | Lu B (陆炳), Kong SF (孔少飞), Han B (韩斌), Wang XY (王秀艳), Bai ZP (白志鹏) (2011). Inventory of atmospheric pollutants discharged from biomass burning in China continent in 2007. China Environmental Science (中国环境科学), 31, 186-194. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [32] | Luo JY (骆介禹) (1988). Calculated on the case of forest fire intensity. Forest Fire Prevention (森林防火), (4), 13-15. (in Chinese) |
| [33] | Lü AF (吕爱锋), Tian HQ (田汉勤) (2007). Interaction among climatic change, fire disturbance and ecosystem productivity. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version) (植物生态学报), 31, 242-251. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [34] | Lü AF (吕爱锋), Tian HQ (田汉勤), Liu YQ (刘永强) (2005). State-of-the-art in quantifying fire disturbance and ecosystem carbon cycle. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 25, 2734-2743. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [35] | Lü AF, Tian HQ, Liu ML, Liu JY, Melillo JM (2006). Spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions from forest fires in China from 1950 to 2000. Journal of Geophysics Research, 111, D05313, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006198. |
| [36] | Mao XG (毛学刚), Fan WY (范文义), Li MZ (李明泽), Yu Y (于颖), Yang JM (杨金明) (2011). Temporal and spatial analysis of forest biomass in Changbai Mountains, Heilongjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 35, 371-379. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [37] | Moraes EC, Franchio SH, Rao VB (2004). Effects of biomass burning in Amazonia on climate: a numerical experiment with a statistical-dynamical model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, D05109, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003800. |
| [38] | Robinson JM (1989). On uncertainty in the computation of global emissions from biomass burning. Climatic Change, 14, 243-262. |
| [39] | Running SW (2006). Is global warming causing more, larger wildfires? Science, 313, 927-928. |
| [40] | Seiler W, Crutzen PJ (1980). Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning. Climatic Change, 2, 207-247. |
| [41] | Shan YL (单延龙), Zhang J (张姣) (2009). Estimation of carbon emission from forest fires in Jilin Province from 1969 to 2004. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 45(7), 84-89. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [42] | Streets DG, Yarber KF, Woo JH, Carmichael GR (2003). Biomass burning in Asia: annual and seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17, 1099-1119. |
| [43] | Sun L (孙龙), Zhang Y (张瑶), Guo QX (国庆喜), Hu HQ (胡海清) (2009). Carbon emission and dynamic of NPP post forest fires in 1987 in Daxing’an Mountains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 45(12), 101-104. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [44] | Tian XR (田晓瑞), Shu LF (舒立福), Wang MY (王明玉) (2003). Direct carbon emissions from Chinese forest fires, 1991-2000. Fire Safety Science (火灾科学), 12(1), 7-10. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [45] | Tian XR (田晓瑞), Wang MY (王明玉), Yin L (殷丽), Shu LF (舒立福) (2009a). Fire behavior and consumption of fuel loadings in spring season in southern Daxing’an Mountains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 45(3), 90-95. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [46] | Tian XR (田晓瑞), Yin L (殷丽), Shu LF (舒立福), Wang MY (王明玉) (2009b). Carbon emission from forest fires in Daxing’an region in 2005-2007. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 20, 2877-2883. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [47] | Wang XC (王晓春), Ji Y (及莹) (2009). Review of advances in dendropyrochronology. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 33, 587-597. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [48] | Wang XK (王效科), Feng ZW (冯宗炜), Zhuang YH (庄亚辉) (2001). CO2, CO and CH4 emissions from forest fires in China. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 37(1), 90-95. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [49] | Wang Y (王岳) (1996). Calculation of the fire intensity in foreign. Forest Fire Prevention (森林防火), (1), 43-44. (in Chinese) |
| [50] | Woodall CW, Liknes GC (2008). Climatic regions as an indicator of forest coarse and fine woody debris carbon stocks in the United States. Carbon Balance and Management, 3, 5. |
| [51] | Woodwell GM, Whittacker RH, Reiners WA, Likens GE, Delwiche CC, Botkin DB (1978). The biota and the world carbon budget. Science, 199, 141-146. |
| [52] | Xu HC (徐化成) (1998). Daxing’an Mountains Forests in China. (中国大兴安岭森林). Science Press, Beijing. 1-20. (in Chinese) |
| [53] | Xu XF (徐小锋), Tian HQ (田汉勤), Wan SQ (万师强) (2007). Climate warming impacts on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version) (植物生态学报), 31, 175-188. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [54] | Yang GF (杨国福), Jiang H (江洪), Yu SQ (余树全), Zhou GM (周国模), Jia WJ (贾伟江) (2009). Estimation of carbon emission from forest fires in Zhejiang Province of China in 1991-2006. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 20, 1038-1043. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [55] | Zhou ZB (周振宝) (2006). Study on Biomass and Carbon Storage of Main Fuel Type in Daxing’an Mountains. (大兴安岭主要可燃物类型生物量与碳储量的研究) Master degree dissertation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Harbin. 1-35. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |