干旱区叶片形态特征与植物响应和适应的关系

李永华, 卢琦, 吴波, 朱雅娟, 刘殿君, 张金鑫, 靳占虎

A review of leaf morphology plasticity linked to plant response and adaptation characteristics in arid ecosystems

LI Yong-Hua, LU Qi, WU Bo, ZHU Ya-Juan, LIU Dian-Jun, ZHANG Jin-Xin, JIN Zhan-Hu

表1 叶片形态指标分类

Table 1 Classification of leaf morphology index

分类(组) Classification (group) 参数 Parameter 功能和用途的简要描述 Brief description of function or application 类1: 叶解剖结构指标 Class 1: Leaf anatomical classification 角质层厚度 Cuticle thickness 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 保护叶片 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and leaf defense 栅栏组织厚度 Palisade tissue thickness 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange 海绵组织厚度 Spongy tissue thickness 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange 叶片厚度 Leaf thickness 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange 气孔密度 Stomatal frequency 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange 气孔开度 Stomatal aperture 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange 气孔下陷深度 Stomatal pore depth 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange 海绵组织细胞间隙 Intercellular space 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange 类2 (组1): 非量化形态指标 Class 2 (group 1): Non- quantifiable classification of leaf morphology 如针叶、阔叶 E.g. coniferous and broad-leaved 应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification 如披针形叶、卵形叶 E.g. lanceolate leaf shape and ovate leaf shape 应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification 类2 (组2): 可量化形态指标 Class 2 (group 2): Quantifiable classification of leaf morphology 叶脉 Leaf vein 影响叶片水分传输,应用于植物分类学 Relating to water transport and plant indentification 叶柄 Leaf-petiole 影响叶片水分传输和光合生理,应用于植物分类学 Relating to water transport,photosynthetic physiology and plant indentification 托叶 Stipule 应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification 表面绒毛 Leaf hair 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 应用于植物分类学 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and plant indentification 叶角 Leaf orientation 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange 类2 (组3): 平面几何形态指标及其衍生指标 Class 2 (group 3): Geometry and derivative geometry classification of leaf morphology 叶长 Leaf length 应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification 叶宽 Leaf width 应用于植物分类学 Relating to plant indentification 叶周长 Leaf perimeter 无明确生理生态学意义 No clear ecophysiology significance 叶面积 Leaf area 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange 叶齿 Leaf teeth 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 应用于植物分类学 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and plant indentification 裂叶 Leaf lobe 影响叶片内外物质、能量交换, 应用于植物分类学 Relating to leaf material and energy exchange, and plant indentification 叶长/宽比 Ratio of leaf length to width 无明确生理生态学意义 No clear ecophysiology significance 面积/周长比 Ratio of leaf area to perimeter 无明确生理生态学意义 No clear ecophysiology significance 类3: 与叶片形态密切相关的其他指标 Class 3: Other classification closely related to leaf morphology 比叶面积 Specific leaf area 影响叶片投资收益率 Relating to leaf benefit-cost ratio 叶片氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content 影响叶片光合生理与水分利用效率 Relating to leaf photosynthetic physiology and water use efficiency 叶寿命 Leaf lifespan 影响叶片投资收益率 Relating to leaf benefit-cost ratio 叶片含水量 Leaf water content 影响叶片表面能量平衡及干物质含量 Relating to leaf energy balances and dry matter content 光吸收比例 Light-absorption rate 影响叶片表面能量平衡 Relating to leaf energy balances