根系分泌物介导下植物-土壤-微生物互作关系研究进展与展望

吴林坤, 林向民, 林文雄

Advances and perspective in research on plant-soil-microbe interactions mediated by root exudates

WU Lin-Kun, LIN Xiang-Min, LIN Wen-Xiong

表2 根系分泌物的功能

Table 2 Reported functions of plant root exudates

功能 Function (Neumann, 2007) 组成 Compound 营养功能 Nutritional function 为微生物生长提供碳、氮源 Available sources of carbon and nitrogen for microbes 低分子量糖类、氨基酸、羧酸类 Low molecular weight sugar, amino acid, carboxylic acid 植物营养吸收 Plant nutrient acquisition 通过金属螯合提高对P、Fe、Zn、Mn的吸收 Mobilization of P, Fe, Zn and Mn, by metal chelation 柠檬酸、草酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、植物铁载体 Citrate, oxalate, malate, malonate, tartaric acid, phytosiderophore 通过还原作用提高对Fe、Mn的吸收 Mobilization of Fe and Mn, by contact reduction 酚类、苹果酸、柠檬酸 Phenolic, malate, citrate 回收利用有机磷酯类中的P元素 Mobilization and retrieval of P from organic P esters 根细胞分泌磷酸水解酶 Root-secretory phosphohydrolase 吸引固氮菌 Chemoattraction of N2-fixing microbes 类黄酮、苹果酸、植物黏液 Flavonoid, malate, mucilage 诱导共生固氮菌表达Nod基因和抗性相关基因以抵御植物抗毒素 Nod-gene inducers and resistance-inducers against phytoalexins in symbiotic N2 fixation 黄酮类、黄烷酮(衍生物)、异黄酮 Flavone, flavanone, isoflavone 诱导形成菌根的信号物质 Signal functions in establishment of mycorrhizal associations 类黄酮、糖、氨基酸 Flavonoid, sugar, amino acid 为菌根真菌提高碳源 Available carbon source for mycorrhizal fungi 转化酶 Invertase 保护功能 Protective function 通过络合缓解铝毒 Detoxification of Al3+ by complexation 柠檬酸、草酸、苹果酸、酚类、植物黏液、分泌蛋白 Citrate, oxalate, malate, phenolic, mucilage, secretory protein 响应重碳酸盐毒胁迫 In response to bicarbonate toxicity 苹果酸、柠檬酸 Malate, citrate 保护根部分裂组织, 提高根部与土壤的接触, 提高土壤保水能力 Protection of the root meristem, improved root-soil contact, increased water-holding capacity 植物黏液 Mucilage 植物抗毒素, 抵御病原菌、寄生植物、竞争者 Phytoalexin, defense against of pathogens, parasites and competitors 苯醌、氢化奎宁、皂角苷、几丁质酶、根边缘细胞 Quinone, hydroquinine, saponin, chitinase, root border cell