随机生态位模型或断棒模型
Stochastic niche model or
broken stick model | 每一物种生态位超体积的占有和分布不受其他物种影响。
The niche occupation and its size distribution of each species are random and independent of the niche sizes of other species. | MacArthur, 1957; Whittaker et al., 2010 |
对数正态分布模型
Lognormal distribution model | 物种占有的生态位是随机分布的并受大量因素综合影响, 并不优待某些种。
The niche size of a species is random and determined by the joint effects of a large number of factors, and no selective advantage is present among species. | Preston, 1948 |
生态位优先占领模型
Niche pre-emption model | 第一位优势种优先占领生态位空间大部, 第二位占领其余下的大部, 以此类推, 末位只占留下的极少空间。
The first dominant species occupies the largest niche space, followed by the species that occupies the second largest niche in the remaining space, and so on. The last species occupies the minimum niche. | Whittaker, 1972 |
群落中性理论
Neutral community theory | 群落内个体总数固定, 某一物种多度的增加必然伴随其他物种的减少; 所有个体出生率、死亡率相同。
The community size is fixed, and a decrease of one species’ abundance is equally compensated by other species. All individuals in the community have the same birth and death rates. | Hubbell, 2001 |
自然选择-基因流机制
Mechanism of natural
selection-gene flow | 基因由中心向边缘种群的迁移与边缘种群的自然选择作用持衡。
Effects of gene flow from the central to marginal population are in balance with the effects of natural selection in the marginal population. | Haldane, 1956 |