生态机制
Mechanism of ecology | 举例
Example | 参考文献
Reference | 物种竞争
Species competition | 与农作物(如高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、玉米(Zea mays))相比, 入侵植物Parthenium hysterophorus具有快速早期生长的能力。
Compared with crops (such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays), the invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus can grow much more rapidly in their early stage. | Bajwa et al., 2016 | 比较夏威夷19对入侵植物和本地植物的资源利用效率, 发现入侵植物具有较高的碳同化率、光利用效率、瞬时氮利用效率和瞬时能量利用效率。
Comparing the resource utilization efficiency for 19 paired invasive-native plants in Hawaii, invasive plants are observed to have higher carbon assimilation rate, light use efficiency, instantaneous nitrogen and energy use efficiency. | Funk & Vitousek, 2007 | 比较47对入侵植物和非入侵植物对草食性动物的抵抗能力及养分含量发现, 入侵植物拥有更高的叶氮含量, 受到食草动物的损伤较小。
Comparisons among 47 paired invasive and non-invasive plants for leaf herbivore-resistance and nutrient content show that invasive plants have higher leaf nitrogen content and less damage by herbivores. | Huang et al., 2020 | 比对125种入侵植物和196种非入侵植物的生理性状发现, 入侵植物在生长率、养分分配及抗逆性更有优势。
Comparing physiological traits of 125 invasive with plants 196 non-invasive plants show that invasive plants have more advantages in growth rate, nutrient allocation and stress resistance. | van Kleunen et al., 2010 | 外来植物Solanum carolinense具有较强的抗寒能力和无性繁殖能力。
Exotic plant, Solanum carolinense, has strong ability for cold resistance and asexual reproduction. | Wei et al., 2020 | 气候变暖及氮沉降的增加可以增强入侵植物Solidago canadensis叶片的资源获取能力。
Climate warming and increased nitrogen deposition can enhance leaf resource acquisition of an invasive plant, Solidago canadensis. | Zhou et al., 2019 | 化感物质
Allelochemical | 入侵植物白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)的渗滤液抑制本地植物Andropogon gerardii和Schizachyrium scoparium发芽及生长。
The leachate of an invasive plant, Bothriochloa ischaemum, inhibits germination and growth of the native plants, Andropogon gerardii and Schizachyrium scoparium. | Greer et al., 2014 | 入侵植物水烛(Typha angustifolia)根系分泌的酚类物质抑制了本地植物Bolboschoenus fluviatilis的生长发育。
Phenolic compounds secreted by roots of an invasive plant, Typha angustifolia, inhibit growth and development of a native plant, Bolboschoenus fluviatilis. | Jarchow & Cook, 2009 | Solidago canadensis入侵分泌的化感物质抑制了本地植物莴苣(Lactuca sativa)种子萌发和幼苗生长。
Allelochemicals secreted by the invasion of Solidago canadensis inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of a native plant, Lactuca sativa. | Hu et al., 2020 | 外来植物Solanum carolinense含有龙葵碱及草酸盐结晶。
The exotic plant Solanum carolinense contains solanine and oxalate crystals. | Wei et al., 2020 | Parthenium hysterophorus可以分泌帕台单宁、咖啡酸、香草酸等化感物质帮助自身入侵。
Parthenium hysterophorus can secrete parthenin, caffeic acid, vanillic acid and other allelochemicals to facilitate its invasion. | Shi & Adkins, 2018 | 土壤养分变化
Soil nutrient variation | 氮沉降会增强S. canadensis入侵初期分泌的化感物质对本地植物莴苣种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制程度。
Nitrogen deposition can enhance the inhibition of the allelochemicals secreted by S. canadensis at its initial invasive stage on seed germination and seedling growth of a native plant, Lactuca sativa. | Hu et al., 2020 | 分析94篇文章发现, 入侵植物增大了植物、土壤和土壤微生物中的碳和氮库大小。
Analysis of 94 published papers show that invasive plants increase the size of carbon and nitrogen pools in plants, soils and soil microorganisms. | Liao et al., 2008 | 与本地植物Artemisia californica、Salvia mellifera、Salvia apiana、锦鸡儿(Calochortus splendens)和Dichelostemma capitatum相比, 外来植物Centaurea stoebe、Hirschfeldia incana和Bromus madritensis可以通过加快凋落物分解改善土壤养分。
Compared with native plants such as Artemisia californica, Salvia mellifera, Salvia apiana, Calochortus splendens and Dichelostemma capitatum, exotic plants, like Centaurea stoebe, Hirschfeldia incana and Bromus madritensis, can increase soil nutrient level by increasing litter decomposition. | Pérez Castro et al., 2019 | 入侵植物Mikania micrantha分泌的化感物质绿原酸和β-石竹烯加快了土壤有机氮的矿化过程。
Allelochemicals secreted by the invasive plant, Mikania micrantha, such as chlorogenic acid and β-caryophyllene accelerate mineralization of soil organic nitrogen. | Yu et al., 2020 | 入侵植物通过凋落物改变了根际微生物土壤群落和养分循环, 形成植物-土壤正反馈调节。
Invasive plants can form a positive plant-soil feedback via its litter decomposition which could change rhizosphere soil microbial communities and nutrient cycling. | Zhang et al., 2018c | 杂草Conyza canadensis入侵的土壤中有效氮和有机质含量增加。
The content of available nitrogen and organic matter increases in the soil invaded by Conyza canadensis. | Zhang et al., 2020 | 与非入侵地土壤相比, Eupatorium catarium入侵后土壤氮含量提高4.32 mg·kg-1。
Compared with non-invasive soils, soil nitrogen content increases by 4.32 mg·kg-1 after invasion by Eupatorium catarium. | Zhao et al., 2019 | Ambrosia trifida在入侵地的土壤-植物反馈高于原产地。
Ambrosia trifida has a greater plant-soil feedback in invaded ranges than that in its native ranges. | Zhao et al., 2020 |
|