生物标志物及其在生态系统研究中的应用

冯晓娟,王依云,刘婷,贾娟,戴国华,马田,刘宗广

Biomarkers and their applications in ecosystem research

FENG Xiao-Juan,WANG Yi-Yun,LIU Ting,JIA Juan,DAI Guo-Hua,MA Tian,LIU Zong-Guang

表1 生态系统研究中常用的生物标志物的分子构成、提取方法、研究意义和关键参数

Table 1 Molecular composition, extraction methods, research implications and key parameters of widely-used biomarkers in ecosystem research

生物标志物 Biomarker 分子组成 Molecular composition 提取方法 Extraction method 研究意义 Research implication 关键参数 Key parameter 植物蜡质脂类 Plant lipids 长链(>C20)正构烷烃、脂肪酸、脂肪醇、 固醇等 Long-chain (>C20) n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids, n-alkanols, steroids, etc. 溶剂萃取 Solvent extraction 代表植物来源的脂类 Indicating lipids from terrestrial vegetation ACL, CPI 角质单体 Cutin monomers 短链(C14-C18)羟基-环氧酸 Short-chain (C14-C18) hydroxy- and epoxy acids 碱式水解 Base hydrolysis 代表叶片角质来源的脂类 Indicating lipids from leaf cuticles ω-C16/∑C16, ω-C18/∑C18 软木脂单体 Suberin monomers 长链(C20-C32)脂肪酸、双酸、ω-羟基酸等 Long-chain (C20-C32) aliphatic acids, diacids and ω-hydroxy acids, etc. 碱式水解 Base hydrolysis 代表根系和树皮软木脂来源的脂类 Indicating lipids from suberin in roots and barks 磷脂脂肪酸 Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) 短链脂肪酸(<C20) Short-chain fatty acids (<C20) Bligh-Dyer 指征活体微生物生物量和群落结构 Indicating microbial biomass and community structure F/B 甘油二烷基甘油四醚Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) 类异戊二烯和支链GDGT Isoprenoid and branched GDGTs 溶剂萃取 Solvent extraction 古菌和细菌细胞膜脂 Indicating archaeal and bacterial membrane lipids MBT, CBT 中性糖 Neutral sugars 葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、核糖、木糖和 阿拉伯糖等 Glucose, galactose, mannose. ribose, xylose, arabinose, etc. 酸式水解 Acid hydrolysis 区分植物和微生物来源的糖类 Indicating plant- and microbe-derived sugars GM/AX, RF/AX 木质素酚类 Lignin phenols 带甲氧基的酚类化合物 Phenolic compounds with methoxyl groups 碱性氧化铜氧化法 Alkaline CuO oxidation 指示维管束植物来源的有机质和木质素氧化程度 Indicating lignin inputs from vascular plants and lignin oxidation stage S/V, C/V, (Ad/Al)V, (Ad/Al)S 氨基酸 Amino acids 天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸等 Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, etc. 酸式水解 Acid hydrolysis 微生物、动植物及其蛋白质的代谢产物 Indicating proteinaceous inputs from microbes, animals and plants D/L 氨基糖 Amino sugars 氨基葡萄糖、氨基半乳糖、甘露糖胺、 胞壁酸 Glucosamine, galactosamine, mannosamine, muramic acid 酸式水解 Acid hydrolysis 微生物细胞壁组分, 常指征环境中的微生物残体碳 Components of microbial cell wall; indicating microbial necromass in soils GluN/MurN