| 专业术语 Terminology | 解释 Explanation | 上行调控
Bottom-up control | 通过低营养级物种的防御限制高营养级物种的可利用食物资源进而调控食物网中各物种的种群大小(Terborgh et al., 2001)。
The defenses of species at low trophic levels limit the availability of food resource for species at high trophic levels, regulating the population size of each species in a food web (Terborgh et al., 2001). | 下行调控
Top-down control | 通过高营养级物种对低营养级物种的捕食/取食控制食物网中各物种种群大小(Terborgh et al., 2001)。
Species at high trophic levels control the population size of each species in a food web through preying on or feeding on the species at low trophic levels (Terborgh et al., 2001). | DNA条形码技术
DNA barcoding | DNA条形码是指基因组中能够代表该物种的且在种间有足够变异的、易扩增的DNA片段。通过获取一个或多个DNA条形码片段信息并与数据库中相关序列进行对比可快速、精确地完成物种鉴定(Hebert et al., 2003)。
The DNA fragments can represent the genomic characters of a species but with sufficient interspecific genetic variations and can be easily amplified. Rapid and accurate species identification can be achieved by using one to several DNA barcode fragments and comparing the obtained sequence information with related sequences in gene databases (Hebert et al., 2003). | 进化军备竞赛
Evolutionary arm race | 自然选择在不断提高捕食者发现和捕获猎物效率的同时也会不断改进猎物及时发现和逃避捕食者的能力, 这种相互适应的进化历程被称为进化军备竞赛(You et al., 2013)。
As a result of reciprocal selection, the efficiency of predators in finding and capturing preys and the ability of preys in detecting and eluding predators are simultaneously and continuously improved. This type of coadaptation in evolutionary history is named as the evolutionary arms race (You et al., 2013). | 内禀优势
Inherent superiority | 外来种在繁殖和扩散的过程中, 某些固有特征(如生理、生态、遗传和行为等)相对于本地种具有竞争优势, 从而导致其成功入侵(Zou et al., 2007)。
In reproduction and dispersal processes, many alien species have advantages compared with native species, due to their inherent characteristics in some aspects like physiology, ecology, genetics, and behavior, consequently resulting in successful invasions (Zou et al., 2007). | 入侵崩溃
Invasional meltdown | 两个或多个外来物种间产生互惠关系, 促进它们在新生境中的种群建立、繁殖与扩散, 最终导致这些物种共同入侵(Ricciardi & MacIsaac, 2000)。
The population establishment, reproduction and dispersal of two or more alien species in the novel environments were facilitated by their reciprocal mutualism(s), ultimately leading to the co-invasion of these species (Ricciardi & MacIsaac, 2000). |
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