生态系统稳定性及其与生物多样性的关系

李周园, 叶小洲, 王少鹏

Ecosystem stability and its relationship with biodiversity

LI Zhou-Yuan, YE Xiao-Zhou, WANG Shao-Peng

表1 稳定性主要的测度指标及其定义、对应扰动形式、响应层次和维度分类(图1, 图2)(修改自Domínguez-García et al., 2019)

Table 1 Major metrics of stability: definition, perturbation type, response level, and dimensionality (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2)(adapted from Domínguez-García et al., 2019).

稳定性指标 Stability metrics 定义 Definition 对应扰动形式 Perturbation type 响应层次 Response level 维度分类 Dimensionality 抵抗力 Resistance 系统抵抗扰动并使自身的结构和功能保持原状的能力。 The ability of the system to resist perturbations and keep its structure and function intact. 胁迫扰动 Press 物种、群落 Species, community 对胁迫扰动的敏感性 Sensitivities to press 恢复力 Resilience 系统在遭到扰动因素的破坏以后恢复到原状的能力。 The ability of the system to return to its original state after being destroyed by perturbations. 脉冲扰动 Pulse 物种、群落 Species, community 与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold 持久性 Persistence 在一定边界范围内, 系统保持恒定或维持某一特定状态的持续时间。 The duration of the system remains constant or maintains a certain state for the duration within a certain boundary. 环境随机扰动 Environmental stochasticity 群落 Community 对胁迫扰动的敏感性 Sensitivities to press 变异性 Variability 系统随时间受扰动作用下产生的变化幅度。 The amplitude of change caused by perturbation in the system over time. 环境随机扰动 Environmental stochasticity 物种、群落 Species, community 与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold 反应力 Reactivity 系统受外部扰动状态放大时的最大瞬时速率。 Maximum instantaneous rate at which perturbations can be amplified. 脉冲扰动 Pulse 群落 Community 对脉冲扰动的早期响应 Early response to pulse 最大放大能力 Maximum amplification 系统受脉冲扰动后状态放大到最大幅度的能力。 The ability by which the perturbation that grows the largest is amplified after a pulse perturbation. 脉冲扰动 Pulse 群落 Community 对脉冲扰动的早期响应 Early response to pulse 达到最大放大的时间 Time to maximum amplification 系统受脉冲扰动后状态达到最大放幅度的时间。 Time to achieve the maximum amplification after a pulse perturbation. 脉冲扰动 Pulse 群落 Community 对脉冲扰动的早期响应 Early response to pulse 敏感度 Sensitivity 系统受胁迫扰动下物种生物量的平均变化范围。 Average change in the biomass of species after a press perturbation. 胁迫扰动 Press 物种、群落 Species, community 与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold 耐受性 Tolerance 系统所有物种收到胁迫扰动下导致出现至少一个物种灭绝的全局或局部的最小致死增长量。 Minimum global increase in mortality that leads to at least one extinction under press perturbation. 胁迫扰动 Press 物种 Species 与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold 稳健性 Robustness 将存活物种数量减少到原始数量的一半以下所需的主动灭绝的数量。 Number of actively performed extinctions required to reduce the number of surviving species to 50% of the original number. 胁迫扰动 Press 物种 Species 与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold 级联灭绝 Cascading extinctions 首次灭绝后次生灭绝发生的平均数量。 Average number of secondary extinctions following first extinction. 胁迫扰动 Press 物种 Species 与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold