新疆北部草地典型灌木的碳氮特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.1086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灌木在维持干旱半干旱区生态系统稳定性方面发挥着重要的作用。该研究调查了新疆北部草地典型灌木物种, 并分析了这些灌木叶、枝、茎的碳(C)、氮(N)含量特征, 可为新疆草地植被碳氮储量的准确估算以及碳氮循环过程提供基础数据。结果表明: 北疆地区草地的典型灌木有白刺(Nitraria spp.)、刺旋花(Convolvulus tragacanthoides)、红砂(Reaumuria soongarica)、假木贼(Anabasis spp.)、锦鸡儿(Caragana spp.)、麻黄(Ephedra spp.)、沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)、梭梭(Haloxylon spp.)、金丝桃叶绣线菊(Spiraea hypericifolia)、驼绒藜(Krascheninnikovia spp.)、小蓬(Nanophyton erinaceum)、盐爪爪(Kalidium spp.)、猪毛菜(Salsola spp.)等, 归属于蔷薇科、豆科、麻黄科、柽柳科、蒺藜科、蓼科、旋花科、藜科。北疆草地典型灌木各器官C含量为茎(45.76 ± 3.43)% >枝(44.27 ± 4.51)% >叶(39.15 ± 5.91)%, N含量为叶(2.21 ± 0.59)% >枝(1.55 ± 0.44)% >茎(1.34 ± 0.35)%, C:N为茎(36.74 ± 10.80) >枝(31.07 ± 10.43) >叶(18.94 ± 5.82)。灌木地上部分C含量为(43.77 ± 4.43)%, N含量为(1.56 ± 0.45)%, C:N为(31.78 ± 10.12); C含量变异程度较小, 变异系数为10%, N含量的变异系数为27%, C:N的变异系数为32%。灌木同一器官的C、N含量及C:N在不同科间有显著差异, 蔷薇科各器官的C含量显著大于其他科(p < 0.05); 豆科叶和茎的N含量显著大于其他科(p < 0.05), 麻黄科枝的N含量显著大于其他科(p < 0.05); 旋花科叶和枝的C:N显著大于其他科(p < 0.05), 蔷薇科茎的C:N显著大于其他科(p < 0.05)。

关键词: 碳含量, 氮含量, 典型灌木, 新疆北部, 草地

Abstract: Aims

Shrub is an important vegetation type for maintaining ecosystem stability in arid and semiarid zones. We investigated typical shrub species in grassland of northern Xinjiang, and analyzed their carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents in leaves, branches and stems, in order to accurately estimate the C and N pools in shrubland, and to obtain basic data for C and N cycling study.

Methods Leaf, branch and stem samples of 13 shrub species were collected in northern Xinjiang, and determined for C and N contents.

Important findings In northern Xinjiang, the typical shrub species include Nitraria spp., Convolvulus tragacanthoides, Reaumuria songarica, Anabasis spp., Caragana spp., Ephedra spp., Calligonum mongolicum, Haloxylon spp., Spiraea hypericifolia, Krascheninnikovia spp., Nanophyton erinaceum, Kalidium spp., and Salsola spp. These shrubs belong to the families of Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Ephedraceae, Tamaricaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Polygonaceae, Convolvulaceae, and Chenopodiaceae, respectively. The C contents in different organs ranked in the order of stems (45.76 ± 3.43)% > branches (44.27 ± 4.51)% > leaves (39.15 ± 5.91)%, and the N contents ranked in the order of leaves (2.21 ± 0.59)% > branches (1.55 ± 0.44)% > stems (1.34 ± 0.35)%; the C:N followed the order of stems (36.74 ± 10.80) > branches (31.07 ± 10.43) > leaves (18.94 ± 5.82). The contents of C and N as well as C:N within organs were significantly different among shrub species of different families (p < 0.05); the C contents in different organs in the species of Rosaceae were significantly greater (p < 0.05); the N contents in leaves and stems in the species of Leguminosae were significantly greater (p < 0.05); the N content in branches in the species of Ephedraceae was significantly greater (p < 0.05); the values of C:N in leaves and branches in Convolvulus tragacanthoides were significantly greater (p < 0.05); the value of C:N in stems in the species of Rosaceae was significantly greater (p < 0.05), those in those of other families. The average values in the aboveground tissues across the shrub species studied was (43.77 ± 4.43)% for the C content, (1.56 ± 0.45)% for the N content, and 31.78 ± 10.12 for C:N. The degree of variation was low for the C content, with average coefficient of variation of only 10%, in contrast to the average coefficient of variation of 27% for the N content and 32% for C:N.

Key words: carbon content, nitrogen content, typical shrubs, northern Xinjiang, grassland

张静, 刘耘华, 盛建东, 柴强, 李瑞霞, 赵丹. 新疆北部草地典型灌木的碳氮特征. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(3): 307-316. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.1086

ZHANG Jing, LIU Yun-Hua, SHENG Jian-Dong, CHAI Qiang, LI Rui-Xia, ZHAO Dan. Carbon and nitrogen traits of typical shrubs in grassland of northern Xinjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(3): 307-316. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.1086

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I3/307

图/表 7

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器官 Organ	碳含量 C content (%)	氮含量 N content (%)	C:N
叶 Leaves	39.15 ± 5.91^c	2.21 ± 0.59^a	18.94 ± 5.82^c
枝 Branches	44.27 ± 4.51^b	1.55 ± 0.44^b	31.07 ± 10.43^b
茎 Stems	45.81 ± 3.18^a	1.34 ± 0.35^c	36.77 ± 10.78^a

器官 Organ	碳含量 C content (%)	氮含量 N content (%)	C:N
叶 Leaves	39.15 ± 5.91^c	2.21 ± 0.59^a	18.94 ± 5.82^c
枝 Branches	44.27 ± 4.51^b	1.55 ± 0.44^b	31.07 ± 10.43^b
茎 Stems	45.81 ± 3.18^a	1.34 ± 0.35^c	36.77 ± 10.78^a

物种 Species	科 Family	器官 Organ	n	碳含量 C content (%)	CV	氮含量 N content (%)	CV	C:N	CV
白刺	蒺藜科	叶 Leaves	12	38.40 ± 4.07	11	2.42 ± 0.47	20	16.40 ± 3.57	22
Nitraria spp.	Zygophyllaceae	枝 Branches	12	44.29 ± 2.97	7	1.56 ± 0.28	18	29.59 ± 7.34	25
		茎 Stems	14	45.82 ± 2.07	5	1.36 ± 0.22	17	34.66 ± 6.29	18
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		43.95 ± 3.49	8	1.57 ± 0.40	19	30.85 ± 7.86	22
刺旋花	旋花科	叶 Leaves	11	40.48 ± 6.52	16	1.57 ± 0.48	30	27.82 ± 8.63	31
Convolvulus	Convolvulaceae	枝 Branches	9	43.22 ± 4.16	10	1.14 ± 0.30	26	39.99 ± 10.00	25
ragacanthoides		茎 Stems	13	44.10 ± 2.24	5	1.27 ± 0.17	14	35.31 ± 5.54	16
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		42.18 ± 5.85	14	1.33 ± 0.31	23	33.55 ± 8.56	26
红砂	柽柳科	叶 Leaves	79	34.67 ± 3.39	10	2.42 ± 0.52	22	14.92 ± 3.24	22
Reaumuria	Tamaricaceae	枝 Branches	79	44.61 ± 1.80	4	1.74 ± 0.36	20	26.90 ± 6.65	25
songarica		茎 Stems	76	45.76 ± 2.40	5	1.37 ± 0.20	15	34.35 ± 6.43	19
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		42.84 ± 2.97	7	1.73 ± 0.38	21	27.60 ± 6.48	23
假木贼	藜科	叶 Leaves	15	35.57 ± 2.78	8	1.76 ± 0.33	19	20.76 ± 3.92	19
Anabasis spp.	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	37	38.08 ± 4.19	11	1.61 ± 0.42	26	25.16 ± 6.70	27
		茎 Stems	25	40.15 ± 2.70	7	1.54 ± 0.42	27	27.50 ± 6.19	23
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		38.05 ± 2.48	7	1.63 ± 0.39	24	24.72 ± 4.66	19
锦鸡儿	豆科	叶 Leaves	70	44.34 ± 2.99	7	2.66 ± 0.48	18	17.24 ± 3.77	22
Caragana spp.	Leguminosae	枝 Branches	71	46.71 ± 2.64	6	1.80 ± 0.48	27	27.72 ± 7.17	26
		茎 Stems	66	47.14 ± 2.48	5	1.62 ± 0.29	18	30.26 ± 6.58	22
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		46.44 ± 2.63	6	1.91 ± 0.45	23	26.76 ± 6.96	26
麻黄	麻黄科	枝 Branches	29	45.68 ± 3.43	8	1.89 ± 0.48	25	25.81 ± 7.26	28
Ephedra spp.	Ephedraceae	茎 Stems	28	44.99 ± 4.33	10	1.52 ± 0.44	29	32.20 ± 9.40	29
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		45.11 ± 2.94	7	1.75 ± 0.41	23	27.84 ± 7.16	26
沙拐枣	蓼科	枝 Branches	11	43.56 ± 4.53	10	1.34 ± 0.16	12	33.17 ± 6.79	20
Calligonum	Polygonaceae	茎 Stems	17	46.76 ± 2.60	6	1.18 ± 0.18	15	40.41 ± 5.28	13
mongolicum		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		46.46 ± 2.75	6	1.21 ± 0.16	13	39.19 ± 4.38	17
梭梭	藜科	叶 Leaves	63	35.73 ± 4.09	11	2.17 ± 0.50	23	17.66 ± 5.76	33
Haloxylon spp.	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	95	42.80 ± 3.81	9	1.58 ± 0.43	27	29.52 ± 9.57	32
		茎 Stems	95	45.57 ± 2.71	6	1.31 ± 0.36	27	36.96 ± 9.40	25
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		42.95 ± 3.02	7	1.54 ± 0.40	26	28.05 ± 8.24	27
金丝桃叶绣线菊	蔷薇科	叶 Leaves	58	46.60 ± 2.86	6	2.07 ± 0.40	19	23.24 ± 4.41	19
Spiraea	Rosaceae	枝 Branches	62	47.66 ± 2.91	6	1.25 ± 0.23	18	39.27 ± 6.52	17
hypericifolia		茎 Stems	62	47.57 ± 2.37	5	1.11 ± 0.19	17	43.56 ± 5.26	12
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		47.43 ± 2.31	5	1.21 ± 0.17	14	35.97 ± 4.48	15
驼绒藜	藜科	叶 Leaves	60	38.89 ± 2.93	8	1.97 ± 0.66	33	21.72 ± 6.70	31
Krascheninnikovia spp.	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	61	46.14 ± 2.17	5	1.24 ± 0.4	32	41.48 ± 14.56	35
		茎 Stems	61	46.32 ± 4.50	10	1.10 ± 0.37	34	47.14 ± 17.06	36
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		45.55 ± 2.40	5	1.32 ± 0.49	37	41.11 ± 14.45	35
小蓬	藜科	叶 Leaves	19	31.97 ± 5.37	17	1.64 ± 0.41	25	20.12 ± 3.89	19
Nanophyton	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	19	35.00 ± 7.40	21	1.40 ± 0.28	20	25.90 ± 8.40	32
erinaceum		茎 Stems	20	43.09 ± 4.02	9	1.44 ± 0.30	21	31.77 ± 10.56	33
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		35.82 ± 6.75	19	1.42 ± 0.30	21	27.14 ± 10.71	29
盐爪爪	藜科	叶 Leaves	7	33.36 ± 5.48	16	2.42 ± 0.78	32	15.46 ± 6.81	44
Kalidium spp.	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	7	42.11 ± 4.10	10	1.58 ± 0.28	17	27.28 ± 5.34	20
		茎 Stems	6	44.23 ± 2.66	6	1.37 ± 0.10	7	32.33 ± 2.22	7
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		37.90 ± 7.91	11	1.83 ± 0.59	19	23.88 ± 8.75	37
猪毛菜	藜科	叶 Leaves	9	40.66 ± 5.29	13	2.05 ± 0.13	7	19.99 ± 3.71	19
Salsola spp.	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	9	45.72 ± 2.70	6	1.62 ± 0.24	15	28.92 ± 6.08	21
		茎 Stems	5	46.84 ± 2.49	5	1.36 ± 0.03	2	34.38 ± 2.39	7
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		43.86 ± 4.38	10	1.58 ± 0.21	13	29.84 ± 5.54	19
物种 Species	科 Family	器官 Organ	n	碳含量 C content (%)	CV	氮含量 N content (%)	CV	C:N	CV
平均值		叶 Leaves		39.15 ± 5.91	15	2.21 ± 0.59	27	18.94 ± 5.82	31
Mean		枝 Branches		44.27 ± 4.51	10	1.55 ± 0.44	28	31.07 ± 10.43	34
		茎 Stems		45.81 ± 3.43	7	1.34 ± 0.35	26	36.77 ± 10.78	29
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		43.77 ± 4.43	10	1.56 ± 0.45	27	31.78 ± 10.12	32

物种 Species	科 Family	器官 Organ	n	碳含量 C content (%)	CV	氮含量 N content (%)	CV	C:N	CV
白刺	蒺藜科	叶 Leaves	12	38.40 ± 4.07	11	2.42 ± 0.47	20	16.40 ± 3.57	22
Nitraria spp.	Zygophyllaceae	枝 Branches	12	44.29 ± 2.97	7	1.56 ± 0.28	18	29.59 ± 7.34	25
		茎 Stems	14	45.82 ± 2.07	5	1.36 ± 0.22	17	34.66 ± 6.29	18
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		43.95 ± 3.49	8	1.57 ± 0.40	19	30.85 ± 7.86	22
刺旋花	旋花科	叶 Leaves	11	40.48 ± 6.52	16	1.57 ± 0.48	30	27.82 ± 8.63	31
Convolvulus	Convolvulaceae	枝 Branches	9	43.22 ± 4.16	10	1.14 ± 0.30	26	39.99 ± 10.00	25
ragacanthoides		茎 Stems	13	44.10 ± 2.24	5	1.27 ± 0.17	14	35.31 ± 5.54	16
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		42.18 ± 5.85	14	1.33 ± 0.31	23	33.55 ± 8.56	26
红砂	柽柳科	叶 Leaves	79	34.67 ± 3.39	10	2.42 ± 0.52	22	14.92 ± 3.24	22
Reaumuria	Tamaricaceae	枝 Branches	79	44.61 ± 1.80	4	1.74 ± 0.36	20	26.90 ± 6.65	25
songarica		茎 Stems	76	45.76 ± 2.40	5	1.37 ± 0.20	15	34.35 ± 6.43	19
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		42.84 ± 2.97	7	1.73 ± 0.38	21	27.60 ± 6.48	23
假木贼	藜科	叶 Leaves	15	35.57 ± 2.78	8	1.76 ± 0.33	19	20.76 ± 3.92	19
Anabasis spp.	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	37	38.08 ± 4.19	11	1.61 ± 0.42	26	25.16 ± 6.70	27
		茎 Stems	25	40.15 ± 2.70	7	1.54 ± 0.42	27	27.50 ± 6.19	23
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		38.05 ± 2.48	7	1.63 ± 0.39	24	24.72 ± 4.66	19
锦鸡儿	豆科	叶 Leaves	70	44.34 ± 2.99	7	2.66 ± 0.48	18	17.24 ± 3.77	22
Caragana spp.	Leguminosae	枝 Branches	71	46.71 ± 2.64	6	1.80 ± 0.48	27	27.72 ± 7.17	26
		茎 Stems	66	47.14 ± 2.48	5	1.62 ± 0.29	18	30.26 ± 6.58	22
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		46.44 ± 2.63	6	1.91 ± 0.45	23	26.76 ± 6.96	26
麻黄	麻黄科	枝 Branches	29	45.68 ± 3.43	8	1.89 ± 0.48	25	25.81 ± 7.26	28
Ephedra spp.	Ephedraceae	茎 Stems	28	44.99 ± 4.33	10	1.52 ± 0.44	29	32.20 ± 9.40	29
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		45.11 ± 2.94	7	1.75 ± 0.41	23	27.84 ± 7.16	26
沙拐枣	蓼科	枝 Branches	11	43.56 ± 4.53	10	1.34 ± 0.16	12	33.17 ± 6.79	20
Calligonum	Polygonaceae	茎 Stems	17	46.76 ± 2.60	6	1.18 ± 0.18	15	40.41 ± 5.28	13
mongolicum		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		46.46 ± 2.75	6	1.21 ± 0.16	13	39.19 ± 4.38	17
梭梭	藜科	叶 Leaves	63	35.73 ± 4.09	11	2.17 ± 0.50	23	17.66 ± 5.76	33
Haloxylon spp.	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	95	42.80 ± 3.81	9	1.58 ± 0.43	27	29.52 ± 9.57	32
		茎 Stems	95	45.57 ± 2.71	6	1.31 ± 0.36	27	36.96 ± 9.40	25
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		42.95 ± 3.02	7	1.54 ± 0.40	26	28.05 ± 8.24	27
金丝桃叶绣线菊	蔷薇科	叶 Leaves	58	46.60 ± 2.86	6	2.07 ± 0.40	19	23.24 ± 4.41	19
Spiraea	Rosaceae	枝 Branches	62	47.66 ± 2.91	6	1.25 ± 0.23	18	39.27 ± 6.52	17
hypericifolia		茎 Stems	62	47.57 ± 2.37	5	1.11 ± 0.19	17	43.56 ± 5.26	12
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		47.43 ± 2.31	5	1.21 ± 0.17	14	35.97 ± 4.48	15
驼绒藜	藜科	叶 Leaves	60	38.89 ± 2.93	8	1.97 ± 0.66	33	21.72 ± 6.70	31
Krascheninnikovia spp.	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	61	46.14 ± 2.17	5	1.24 ± 0.4	32	41.48 ± 14.56	35
		茎 Stems	61	46.32 ± 4.50	10	1.10 ± 0.37	34	47.14 ± 17.06	36
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		45.55 ± 2.40	5	1.32 ± 0.49	37	41.11 ± 14.45	35
小蓬	藜科	叶 Leaves	19	31.97 ± 5.37	17	1.64 ± 0.41	25	20.12 ± 3.89	19
Nanophyton	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	19	35.00 ± 7.40	21	1.40 ± 0.28	20	25.90 ± 8.40	32
erinaceum		茎 Stems	20	43.09 ± 4.02	9	1.44 ± 0.30	21	31.77 ± 10.56	33
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		35.82 ± 6.75	19	1.42 ± 0.30	21	27.14 ± 10.71	29
盐爪爪	藜科	叶 Leaves	7	33.36 ± 5.48	16	2.42 ± 0.78	32	15.46 ± 6.81	44
Kalidium spp.	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	7	42.11 ± 4.10	10	1.58 ± 0.28	17	27.28 ± 5.34	20
		茎 Stems	6	44.23 ± 2.66	6	1.37 ± 0.10	7	32.33 ± 2.22	7
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		37.90 ± 7.91	11	1.83 ± 0.59	19	23.88 ± 8.75	37
猪毛菜	藜科	叶 Leaves	9	40.66 ± 5.29	13	2.05 ± 0.13	7	19.99 ± 3.71	19
Salsola spp.	Chenopodiaceae	枝 Branches	9	45.72 ± 2.70	6	1.62 ± 0.24	15	28.92 ± 6.08	21
		茎 Stems	5	46.84 ± 2.49	5	1.36 ± 0.03	2	34.38 ± 2.39	7
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		43.86 ± 4.38	10	1.58 ± 0.21	13	29.84 ± 5.54	19
物种 Species	科 Family	器官 Organ	n	碳含量 C content (%)	CV	氮含量 N content (%)	CV	C:N	CV
平均值		叶 Leaves		39.15 ± 5.91	15	2.21 ± 0.59	27	18.94 ± 5.82	31
Mean		枝 Branches		44.27 ± 4.51	10	1.55 ± 0.44	28	31.07 ± 10.43	34
		茎 Stems		45.81 ± 3.43	7	1.34 ± 0.35	26	36.77 ± 10.78	29
		灌木地上部分 Shrub aboveground		43.77 ± 4.43	10	1.56 ± 0.45	27	31.78 ± 10.12	32

科 Family	n	碳含量 C content (%)	CV	氮含量 N content (%)	CV	C:N	CV
柽柳科 Tamaricaceae	79	34.67 ± 3.39^e	10	2.42 ± 0.52^b	22	14.92 ± 3.24^d	22
豆科 Leguminosae	70	44.34 ± 2.99^b	7	2.66 ± 0.48^a	18	17.24 ± 3.77^cd	22
蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae	12	38.40 ± 4.07^cd	11	2.42 ± 0.47^b	20	16.40 ± 3.57^d	22
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	173	36.56 ± 4.56^d	12	2.01 ± 0.57^c	28	19.64 ± 6.02^c	31
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	58	46.60 ± 2.86^a	6	2.07 ± 0.40^c	19	23.24 ± 4.41^b	19
旋花科 Convolvulaceae	11	40.48 ± 6.52^c	16	1.57 ± 0.48^d	30	27.82 ± 8.63^a	31
平均值 Average		39.15 ± 5.91	15	2.21 ± 0.59	27	18.94 ± 5.82	31