Abstract: Populus gansuensis is a species of trees that are being planted extensively in the Hexi Region of Gansu Province. Some people calls it an ideal species of trees for the afforestation of the Hexi Region.The P. gansuensis’s survival rate in afforestation is very high, generally over 90%. Its growth is extremely rapid, the average annual growth of tree in height being 1–1.8m and in diameter 1.5–3.4cm, faster than that of the P. pyramidalis and the P. simonii. Its adaptability to environment is also stronger, for example, it is able to grow on different soils loam, sandy loam, sand, sand-gravel, etc.; it resists drought, dry-heat wind and wind-sand flow; it can also withstands salinity soil to certain degree.It has been shown that the xeromorphic structure of P. gansuensis is remarkably striking through test and research of morphological anatomy and water physiology. Its water physiology also shows stronger adaptability to circumstances.Summing up all the above can say that the P. gansuensis is a fine kind of trees for afforestation in the region of oases of the Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province, and therefore it should be highly recommended for afforestation.