植物生态学报 ›› 1992, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 187-196.

• 论文 • 上一篇    

杉木人工林水量平衡和蒸散的研究

康文星,田大伦,文仕知,谌小勇,盛利元   

  • 发布日期:1992-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 康文星

Studies on Water Balance and Laws of Evapotranspiration in a Chinese Fir Plantation

Kang Wen-xing, Tian Da-lun, Wen Shi-zhi, Chen Xiao-yong, Sheng Li-yuan   

  • Published:1992-02-10
  • Contact: Zheng Hai-lei

摘要: 本文根据我们严密设计的小集水区径流场连续6年的水文测定数据,进行了杉木人工林水量平衡和蒸散的研究。结果表明:集水区年平均降雨量1065.5mm, 在林冠作用面降雨量的分配中,林冠截留雨量264.6mm,截留率24.8%;穿透过林冠层的雨量799.82mm,树干径流量1.08mm,分别占降雨量的75.1%和0.1%。林内降水到达林地时,在枯枝落叶层这个作用面上净降水进行再分配,其中,地表径流量9.27mm,地下径流量203.00mm,总径流系数0.199。土壤蓄水量月变化较大,但年变化很小,占降雨量的1.2%。系统水量最大的输出是蒸散,每年以气态形式返回大气的水量866.03mm,占降雨量81.3%。在蒸散的水量中,林冠截留雨量的直接物理蒸发量为264.6mm,占总蒸散量的31.6%。

Abstract: On the basis of the data collected from observation in six consecutive years water balance and evapotranspiration were studied. The results indicate that precipitation is 1065.5mm/year in the small watershed; that the crown-interception is 264.6mm/year, i.e. 24.8% of the total precipitation; that precipitation through crown is 799.82mm/year, i.e. 75.1% of the precipitation; that water stemflow is 1.08mm/year, about 0.1% of the precipitation; that water output in the form of runoff is 212.27mm/year of which the ground water is 203.00mm/year and surface runoff is only 9.27mm/year, thus total runoff coefficient is 0.199. On consecutive measurements of 6 years. The monthly change of soil moisture is great, but the change between years is only ±12.80, which is 1.2% of precipitation in the output of water from the ecosystem,evapotranspiration is greatest (866.03mm/year), which is 81.3% of precipitation. Of this amount,the evaporation crown-intercept is 264.6mm/year,about 31.6% of total evapotranspiration.