张掖湿地芨芨草叶脉密度和叶脉直径的权衡关系对3种生境的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0316

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物叶脉性状间的协同进化影响生理活动中水分利用策略和叶片经济谱的形成, 对理解叶片在叶脉建成中的碳投入和叶脉功能回报的经济权衡具有重要的意义。该文结合相关性和标准化主轴估计分析(SMA)方法, 研究了张掖洪泛平原湿地乔-草群落冠盖区、过渡区和空旷区3种自然生境下芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)叶脉密度和叶脉直径的生长关系。结果表明: 从湿地群落的冠盖区到空旷区, 植物群落光合有效辐射(PAR)和水汽压亏缺(VPD)逐渐增加, 土壤含水量(SM)逐渐减小、土壤电导率逐渐增大; 芨芨草的叶片宽度(LW)、叶脉密度(1.28-1.59 mm·mm^-2)和水分利用效率(WUE)呈逐渐增大的趋势, 叶片长度(LL)和叶脉直径(0.21-0.16 mm)呈逐渐减小的趋势, 叶性状的平均可塑性值为0.19, 株丛密度(BD)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和净光合速率(P_n)呈先增大后减小的倒U形趋势; 3种生境中芨芨草的WUE、PAR、T_r、P_n与叶脉密度和叶脉直径呈显著的相关关系; 叶脉密度与叶脉直径呈不同程度的负相关关系, 在冠盖区, 芨芨草叶脉密度和叶脉直径呈极显著的负相关关系, 在过渡区和空旷区, 二者呈显著的负相关关系, 从冠盖区到空旷区, SMA斜率逐渐增大(0.54-1.50), 冠盖区和空旷区的SMA斜率与1.0存在显著差异。为适应光照环境条件的变化, 芨芨草在空旷区具有大量细脉的叶脉网络性状, 在冠盖区生长少量粗脉的细长型叶片, 即在某一给定的叶片长度下, 阴生环境中芨芨草叶片需要更大的叶脉直径来支撑, 反映了湿地植物较强的表型可塑性机制。

关键词: 芨芨草, 光照, 叶脉密度, 叶脉直径, 权衡, 张掖湿地

Abstract:

Aims The coevolution between vein traits has influences on water use strategies of plant and the formation of leaf economic spectrum, and therefore is important for understanding the trade-off between carbon input in leaf vein construction and the functional feedback from leaf veins. Our aim is to study the allometric relationship between vein density and vein diameter of Achnatherum splendens populations at three natural microhabitats (subcanopy, transitional and open areas) in Zhangye wetland. Methods According to the shade condition of the arbor canopy and the distance to arbor, the A. splendens community were divided into three microenvironments: subcanopy, transitional and open areas. We sampled 10 (4 m × 4 m) A. splendens plots from each microenvironment and investigate the biological characteristics of the plots and leaf traits of the plants within the plots. Then the soil physical and chemical properties, and community photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were investigated at three gradients. Six individual of A. splendens were selected in each plot and the leaf length, leaf width, vein density and vein diameter of two or three healthy and complete leaves from four directions of each individual were measured in laboratory. The SMA estimation method and correlation analysis were then used to examine the allometric relationship between vein density and vein diameter. Important findings Along the gradient from subcanopy, transitional zone to open areas, soil moisture displayed a pattern of initial decrease of plant community, and soil electric conductivity displayed increase changing trends. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), vein density (1.28-1.59 mm·mm^-2), leaf width and water use efficiency (WUE) increase gradually, while the leaf length, vein diameter (0.21-0.16 mm) of A. splendens decrease. The average value of plasticity indexes of leaf characteristics was 0.19. Leaf net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r) and bundle density increase first and them decrease. The vein density and vein diameter of A. splendens were negatively correlated with each other in subcanopy environment (p < 0.01), transitional and open areas (p < 0.05). The SMA (0.54-1.50) slope of regression equation in the scaling relationships between vein density and vein diameter decrease gradually from subcanopy to open areas.

Key words: Achnatherum splendens, light, vein density, vein diameter, trade-off, Zhangye wetland

韩玲, 赵成章, 冯威, 徐婷, 郑慧玲, 段贝贝. 张掖湿地芨芨草叶脉密度和叶脉直径的权衡关系对3种生境的响应. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(8): 872-881. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0316

Ling HAN, Cheng-Zhang ZHAO, Wei FENG, Ting XU, Hui-Ling ZHENG, Bei-Bei DUAN. Trade-off relationship between vein density and vein diameter of Achnatherum splendens in response to habitat changes in Zhangye wetland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(8): 872-881. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0316

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I8/872

图/表 4

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样地 Plot	PAR (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	VPD (Pa·kPa)	土壤含水量 Soil moisture (%)	土壤电导率 Soil electrical conductivity (ms·cm^-1)
冠盖区 Subcanopy areas	636.30 ± 14.18^c	27.24 ± 2.68^c	40.07 ± 1.24^a	314 ± 13.89^c
过渡区 Transitional areas	879.20 ± 27.95^b	29.79 ± 4.22^b	37.64 ± 1.07^b	669 ± 15.02^b
空旷区区 Open areas	1 205.10 ± 50.75^a	31.84 ± 3.34^a	31.4 ± 0.67^c	1 090 ± 20.45^a

样地 Plot	PAR (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	VPD (Pa·kPa)	土壤含水量 Soil moisture (%)	土壤电导率 Soil electrical conductivity (ms·cm^-1)
冠盖区 Subcanopy areas	636.30 ± 14.18^c	27.24 ± 2.68^c	40.07 ± 1.24^a	314 ± 13.89^c
过渡区 Transitional areas	879.20 ± 27.95^b	29.79 ± 4.22^b	37.64 ± 1.07^b	669 ± 15.02^b
空旷区区 Open areas	1 205.10 ± 50.75^a	31.84 ± 3.34^a	31.4 ± 0.67^c	1 090 ± 20.45^a

样地 Plot	冠盖区 Subcanopy areas	过渡区 Transitional areas	空旷区 Open areas	可塑性指数 Plasticity index
叶脉密度 Vein destiny (mm·mm^-2)	1.28 ± 0.14^c	1.46 ± 0.15^b	1.59 ± 0.18^a	0.20
叶脉直径 Vein diameter (mm)	0.21 ± 0.04^a	0.18 ± 0.03^b	0.16 ± 0.02^c	0.24
叶片长度 Leaf length (cm)	58.6 ± 0.39^a	51.99 ± 0.28^b	49.08 ± 0.22^c	0.16
叶片宽度 Leaf width (cm)	0.28 ± 0.04^c	0.31 ± 0.05^b	0.34 ± 0.07^a	0.17
株丛密度 Bundle density (bundle·m^-2)	4.25 ± 0.32^c	13.50 ± 0.82^b	11.75 ± 1.02^a	0.64
P_n(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	13.2 ± 0.12^c	14.01 ± 0.18^a	13.87 ± 0.13^b	0.05
T_r(mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	6.35 ± 0.07^c	6.83 ± 0.11^a	6.65 ± 0.09^b	0.05
WUE (μmol·mmol^-1)	1.93 ± 0.01^c	2.12 ± 0.02^b	2.18 ± 0.03^a	0.11

样地 Plot	冠盖区 Subcanopy areas	过渡区 Transitional areas	空旷区 Open areas	可塑性指数 Plasticity index
叶脉密度 Vein destiny (mm·mm^-2)	1.28 ± 0.14^c	1.46 ± 0.15^b	1.59 ± 0.18^a	0.20
叶脉直径 Vein diameter (mm)	0.21 ± 0.04^a	0.18 ± 0.03^b	0.16 ± 0.02^c	0.24
叶片长度 Leaf length (cm)	58.6 ± 0.39^a	51.99 ± 0.28^b	49.08 ± 0.22^c	0.16
叶片宽度 Leaf width (cm)	0.28 ± 0.04^c	0.31 ± 0.05^b	0.34 ± 0.07^a	0.17
株丛密度 Bundle density (bundle·m^-2)	4.25 ± 0.32^c	13.50 ± 0.82^b	11.75 ± 1.02^a	0.64
P_n(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	13.2 ± 0.12^c	14.01 ± 0.18^a	13.87 ± 0.13^b	0.05
T_r(mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	6.35 ± 0.07^c	6.83 ± 0.11^a	6.65 ± 0.09^b	0.05
WUE (μmol·mmol^-1)	1.93 ± 0.01^c	2.12 ± 0.02^b	2.18 ± 0.03^a	0.11

	叶脉密度 Vein destiny	叶脉直径 Vein diameter	LL	LW	BD	SM	PAR	VPD	P_n	T_r	WUE
叶脉密度 Vein destiny	1
叶脉直径 Vein diameter	-0.98^**	1
LL	-0.83^*	0.84^*	1
LW	0.81^*	-0.82^*	-0.86^*	1
BD	0.72^*	-0.73	-0.81^*	0.85^*	1
SM	-0.84^*	0.81^*	0.63	0.63	-0.57	1
PAR	0.83^*	-0.84^*	-0.82^*	0.85^*	0.58	-0.84^*	1
VPD	0.53	-0.63	-0.49	0.58	0.71	-0.83^*	-0.86^*	1
P_n	0.87^*	0.84^*	0.62	0.78	-0.56	-0.81^*	0.86^*	0.82^*	1
T_r	0.83^*	0.81^*	0.61	0.73	0.53	-0.87^*	0.83^*	0.86^*	0.89^*	1
WUE	0.87^*	0.82^*	0.64	0.59	0.73	-0.86^*	0.88^*	0.83^*	0.83^*	-0.88^*	1