通量梯度法在温室气体及同位素通量观测研究中的应用与展望

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0227

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 305-317.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0227 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2019.0227

所属专题：稳定同位素生态学；生态学研究的方法和技术；生态系统碳水能量通量

通量梯度法在温室气体及同位素通量观测研究中的应用与展望

赵佳玉¹,肖薇^1,^*(),张弥¹,王晶苑²,温学发^2,³,李旭辉⁴

¹南京信息工程大学大气环境中心, 南京 210044
²中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101
³中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100190
⁴School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven 06511, USA

收稿日期:2019-09-02 接受日期:2019-12-24 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-01-03
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0503904);国家自然科学基金(41975143);国家自然科学基金(41575147);国家自然科学基金(41475141);国家自然科学基金(41830860)

Applications and prospect of the flux-gradient method in measuring the greenhouse gases and isotope fluxes

ZHAO Jia-Yu¹,XIAO Wei^1,^*(),ZHANG Mi¹,WANG Jing-Yuan²,WEN Xue-Fa^2,³,LEE Xu-Hui⁴

¹Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
²Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
⁴School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven 06511, USA

Received:2019-09-02 Accepted:2019-12-24 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-01-03
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0503904);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41975143);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41575147);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41475141);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41830860)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通量梯度法与涡度相关法均是微气象学的物质和能量通量观测方法, 在没有高频气体分析仪或下垫面风浪区较小的情况下, 通量梯度法可以有效观测生态系统(或土壤)与大气之间的温室气体及其同位素通量, 同时也可以作为涡度相关法的配套观测和有益补充。该文回顾了通量梯度法的基本原理、概念和假设, 重点综述了温室气体浓度梯度以及相关湍流扩散系数的观测与计算的方法和理论, 概述了通量梯度法在森林、农田、草地、湿地和水体等生态系统观测温室气体通量的应用进展, 特别是在稳定同位素通量观测中的应用, 最后从影响温室气体和同位素的浓度梯度以及湍流扩散系数测定与计算等方面概述了应用注意事项及建议。

关键词: 通量梯度法, 温室气体通量, 同位素通量

Abstract:

Flux-gradient method and eddy covariance technique are classical micrometeorological methods, which observe fluxes of mass and energy. Flux-gradient method can effectively measure the greenhouse gas and isotope fluxes between ecosystem (or soil) and atmosphere although gas analyzer with high measuring frequency was not available or the fetch was small. Flux-gradient method can be viewed as an ancillary measurement and useful complement of eddy covariance technique. This paper reviewed from the following aspects: the fundamental theory, concepts and assumptions of flux-gradient method; the methods measuring the gradient of greenhouse gases and the theory on turbulent diffusion coefficients; the applications of this method in measuring greenhouse gas fluxes, especially on isotope fluxes, over various ecosystems including forest, cropland, grassland, wetland and water bodies. Finally, the considerations and suggestions were provided regarding the measurement on concentration gradients of greenhouse gases and isotopes, and the calculation of turbulent diffusion coefficients.

Key words: flux-gradient method, greenhouse gas flux, isotope flux

赵佳玉, 肖薇, 张弥, 王晶苑, 温学发, 李旭辉. 通量梯度法在温室气体及同位素通量观测研究中的应用与展望. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(4): 305-317. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0227

ZHAO Jia-Yu, XIAO Wei, ZHANG Mi, WANG Jing-Yuan, WEN Xue-Fa, LEE Xu-Hui. Applications and prospect of the flux-gradient method in measuring the greenhouse gases and isotope fluxes. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(4): 305-317. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0227

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0227

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I4/305

图/表 2

图1 白天典型森林内部及上方的大气分层以及温室气体浓度、风速和中性层结条件下的湍流扩散系数廓线示意图。d, 零平面位移; h, 冠层高度; K, 湍流扩散系数;$~{{\bar{S}}_{\text{c}}}$, CO2浓度; $\bar{u}$, 风速; ${{u}_{*}}$, 摩擦速度。

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the atmospheric layers within and above the forest canopy, and the vertical profiles for typical greenhouse gases concentration, wind speed and the turbulence diffusion coefficient under neutral stability condition during the daytime. d, zero-plane displacement; h, canopy height; K, turbulent diffusion coefficient; $~{{\bar{S}}_{\text{c}}}$, CO2 concentration; $\bar{u}$, wind speed; ${{u}_{*}}$, antitriptic wind speed.

图2 通量梯度观测系统示意图。

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the flux-gradient observation system.

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通量梯度法在温室气体及同位素通量观测研究中的应用与展望

Applications and prospect of the flux-gradient method in measuring the greenhouse gases and isotope fluxes

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