生态系统稳定性及其与生物多样性的关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0116

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球变化背景下, 生态系统能否长期有效地维持功能并提供服务, 有赖于其稳定性。生态系统稳定性及其与生物多样性的关系, 是生态学研究的核心问题, 生物多样性能否促进生态系统稳定性曾引起很多争论。该文在前期国内外综述和研究的基础上, 重点从以下三个方面对近期进展做了总结。第一, 介绍了近期理论研究在生态系统稳定性的内涵及不同稳定性指标间的内在关联方面取得的新认识。第二, 梳理了最近基于生物多样性实验开展的多项整合分析研究和理论探索, 以及在多维度框架下开展的多样性-稳定性关系研究。第三, 详细介绍了最近发展起来的多尺度稳定性理论框架, 对稳定性的尺度依赖、多样性-稳定性的多尺度关系等新议题做了探讨。最后, 提出了本领域有待进一步研究的关键问题和方向建议。

关键词: 稳定性, 生物多样性, 超产效应, 保险效应, 抵抗力, 恢复力, 变异性, 多尺度

Abstract:

The stability of ecosystems determines whether they can sustainably provide key functions and services in the background of global changes. Ecosystem stability, particularly its relation with biodiversity, is one of the central issues in ecology. Whether biodiversity enhances or impairs ecosystem stability has historically aroused much debate. Based on early reviews and studies on different aspects of stability, here we summarized recent advances from three aspects. Firstly, several recent theoretical studies offered novel insights in understanding the multi- dimensionality of stability and the intrinsic link between different stability measures, and we provided an overview on these new insights. Secondly, we reviewed recent empirical and theoretical studies on biodiversity- stability relationships, including those in the context of multidimensional stability. Thirdly, we introduced the recently developed multi-scale stability framework, which provides new opportunity to understand the scaling of stability and extend diversity-stability relations to a multi-scale context. We ended with a discussion on future research questions and directions.

Key words: stability, biodiversity, over-yielding effect, insurance effect, resistance, resilience, variability, multiscale

李周园, 叶小洲, 王少鹏. 生态系统稳定性及其与生物多样性的关系. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(10): 1127-1139. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0116

LI Zhou-Yuan, YE Xiao-Zhou, WANG Shao-Peng. Ecosystem stability and its relationship with biodiversity. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(10): 1127-1139. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0116

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0116

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I10/1127

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参考文献 82

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稳定性指标 Stability metrics	定义 Definition	对应扰动形式 Perturbation type	响应层次 Response level	维度分类 Dimensionality
抵抗力 Resistance	系统抵抗扰动并使自身的结构和功能保持原状的能力。 The ability of the system to resist perturbations and keep its structure and function intact.	胁迫扰动 Press	物种、群落 Species, community	对胁迫扰动的敏感性 Sensitivities to press
恢复力 Resilience	系统在遭到扰动因素的破坏以后恢复到原状的能力。 The ability of the system to return to its original state after being destroyed by perturbations.	脉冲扰动 Pulse	物种、群落 Species, community	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold
持久性 Persistence	在一定边界范围内, 系统保持恒定或维持某一特定状态的持续时间。 The duration of the system remains constant or maintains a certain state for the duration within a certain boundary.	环境随机扰动 Environmental stochasticity	群落 Community	对胁迫扰动的敏感性 Sensitivities to press
变异性 Variability	系统随时间受扰动作用下产生的变化幅度。 The amplitude of change caused by perturbation in the system over time.	环境随机扰动 Environmental stochasticity	物种、群落 Species, community	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold
反应力 Reactivity	系统受外部扰动状态放大时的最大瞬时速率。 Maximum instantaneous rate at which perturbations can be amplified.	脉冲扰动 Pulse	群落 Community	对脉冲扰动的早期响应 Early response to pulse
最大放大能力 Maximum amplification	系统受脉冲扰动后状态放大到最大幅度的能力。 The ability by which the perturbation that grows the largest is amplified after a pulse perturbation.	脉冲扰动 Pulse	群落 Community	对脉冲扰动的早期响应 Early response to pulse
达到最大放大的时间 Time to maximum amplification	系统受脉冲扰动后状态达到最大放幅度的时间。 Time to achieve the maximum amplification after a pulse perturbation.	脉冲扰动 Pulse	群落 Community	对脉冲扰动的早期响应 Early response to pulse
敏感度 Sensitivity	系统受胁迫扰动下物种生物量的平均变化范围。 Average change in the biomass of species after a press perturbation.	胁迫扰动 Press	物种、群落 Species, community	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold
耐受性 Tolerance	系统所有物种收到胁迫扰动下导致出现至少一个物种灭绝的全局或局部的最小致死增长量。 Minimum global increase in mortality that leads to at least one extinction under press perturbation.	胁迫扰动 Press	物种 Species	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold
稳健性 Robustness	将存活物种数量减少到原始数量的一半以下所需的主动灭绝的数量。 Number of actively performed extinctions required to reduce the number of surviving species to 50% of the original number.	胁迫扰动 Press	物种 Species	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold
级联灭绝 Cascading extinctions	首次灭绝后次生灭绝发生的平均数量。 Average number of secondary extinctions following first extinction.	胁迫扰动 Press	物种 Species	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold

稳定性指标 Stability metrics	定义 Definition	对应扰动形式 Perturbation type	响应层次 Response level	维度分类 Dimensionality
抵抗力 Resistance	系统抵抗扰动并使自身的结构和功能保持原状的能力。 The ability of the system to resist perturbations and keep its structure and function intact.	胁迫扰动 Press	物种、群落 Species, community	对胁迫扰动的敏感性 Sensitivities to press
恢复力 Resilience	系统在遭到扰动因素的破坏以后恢复到原状的能力。 The ability of the system to return to its original state after being destroyed by perturbations.	脉冲扰动 Pulse	物种、群落 Species, community	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold
持久性 Persistence	在一定边界范围内, 系统保持恒定或维持某一特定状态的持续时间。 The duration of the system remains constant or maintains a certain state for the duration within a certain boundary.	环境随机扰动 Environmental stochasticity	群落 Community	对胁迫扰动的敏感性 Sensitivities to press
变异性 Variability	系统随时间受扰动作用下产生的变化幅度。 The amplitude of change caused by perturbation in the system over time.	环境随机扰动 Environmental stochasticity	物种、群落 Species, community	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold
反应力 Reactivity	系统受外部扰动状态放大时的最大瞬时速率。 Maximum instantaneous rate at which perturbations can be amplified.	脉冲扰动 Pulse	群落 Community	对脉冲扰动的早期响应 Early response to pulse
最大放大能力 Maximum amplification	系统受脉冲扰动后状态放大到最大幅度的能力。 The ability by which the perturbation that grows the largest is amplified after a pulse perturbation.	脉冲扰动 Pulse	群落 Community	对脉冲扰动的早期响应 Early response to pulse
达到最大放大的时间 Time to maximum amplification	系统受脉冲扰动后状态达到最大放幅度的时间。 Time to achieve the maximum amplification after a pulse perturbation.	脉冲扰动 Pulse	群落 Community	对脉冲扰动的早期响应 Early response to pulse
敏感度 Sensitivity	系统受胁迫扰动下物种生物量的平均变化范围。 Average change in the biomass of species after a press perturbation.	胁迫扰动 Press	物种、群落 Species, community	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold
耐受性 Tolerance	系统所有物种收到胁迫扰动下导致出现至少一个物种灭绝的全局或局部的最小致死增长量。 Minimum global increase in mortality that leads to at least one extinction under press perturbation.	胁迫扰动 Press	物种 Species	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold
稳健性 Robustness	将存活物种数量减少到原始数量的一半以下所需的主动灭绝的数量。 Number of actively performed extinctions required to reduce the number of surviving species to 50% of the original number.	胁迫扰动 Press	物种 Species	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold
级联灭绝 Cascading extinctions	首次灭绝后次生灭绝发生的平均数量。 Average number of secondary extinctions following first extinction.	胁迫扰动 Press	物种 Species	与阈值的距离 Distance to threshold