植物水分来源稳定氢氧同位素偏移研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0479

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

稳定氢氧同位素技术能有效计算植物根系水分吸收量, 确定植物水分来源贡献, 评估植物水分利用策略, 是生态水文学探究大气-植被-土壤系统水分传输过程机制的有效工具。然而土壤与木质部水稳定氢氧同位素比值(δ²H和δ¹⁸O)偏移造成植物水分来源贡献率计算偏差, 引起氢氧同位素结果差异的原因尚不明晰。该文首先简要介绍氢氧稳定同位素比值偏移现象, 其次沿水分在土壤-植物-大气连续体中的传输路径构建梳理框架, 系统阐述了3个界面(植物-大气界面、土壤-大气界面和根系-土壤界面)与2个空间(植物体和土壤层)中引起δ²H与δ¹⁸O偏移的自然效应, 同时概述了土壤与木质部样品提取与测定技术中引起δ²H与δ¹⁸O偏差的人为效应。最后, 根据现有研究进展提出主要问题, 从获取同位素时空数据, 微尺度同位素偏移原因, 提取与测定技术的优化三方面指出未来的发展方向。

关键词: 稳定氢氧同位素, 偏移, 分馏, 土壤-植物-大气连续体, 水分传输

Abstract:

Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis provides an important tool for calculating plant root water uptake amount, determining the contribution to plant water source, and evaluating plant water use strategy, and is thus of great relevance to ecohydrological studies with respect to exploration of the water transmission mechanism of the atmosphere-vegetation-soil system. However, the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) offset between soil and xylem water can cause inconsistency in the calculated contribution rate of plant water source, but the reasons for differences in hydrogen and oxygen isotope results are unclear. In this review, we first briefly introduced the phenomenon of hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope ratio offset; secondly, the framework was constructed along the water transport path of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. We systematically expounded the natural effects of δ²H and δ¹⁸O offset in three interfaces (plant-atmosphere interface, soil-atmosphere interface, and root-soil interface) and two spaces (plant and soil layer). At the same time, we summarized the methodological artifacts that are associated with soil and xylem sample extraction and δ²H and δ¹⁸O determination technologies. Finally, we identify main knowledge uncertainties according to the existing research progress; and highlight three areas that deserve future research attention: the acquisition of isotope spatiotemporal data, the cause of micro-scale isotope offset, and the optimization of extraction and determination technology.

Key words: stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, offset, fractionation, soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, water transportation

雷自然, 贾国栋, 余新晓, 刘子赫. 植物水分来源稳定氢氧同位素偏移研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(1): 25-40. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0479

LEI Zi-Ran, JIA Guo-Dong, YU Xin-Xiao, LIU Zi-He. A review of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic offset in plant water source research. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(1): 25-40. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0479

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0479

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I1/25

图/表 3

表1 植物木质部与土壤层之间氢氧同位素比值(δ)偏移量测定研究的主要文献及结果

Table 1 Offset of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic ratios (δ) measurement between plant xylem and soil layer from previous published research

表2 植物木质部和土壤层中氢氧同位素比值(δ)自然变化范围研究的主要文献及结果

Table 2 Ranges of natural hydrogen and oxygen isotopic ratios (δ) variability in plant xylem and soil layer from previous published research

表3 部分样品提取方法的原理和产生稳定氢氧同位素数据偏差的原因

Table 3 Principle of some sample extraction methods and reasons for data deviation of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes

参考文献 115

[1]	Adams RE, Hyodo A, SantaMaria T, Wright CL, Boutton TW, West JB (2020). Bound and mobile soil water isotope ratios are affected by soil texture and mineralogy, whereas extraction method influences their measurement. Hydrological Processes, 34, 991-1003. DOI URL
[2]	Allen ST, Brooks JR, Keim RF, Bond BJ, McDonnell JJ (2014). The role of pre-event canopy storage in throughfall and stemflow by using isotopic tracers. Ecohydrology, 7, 858-868. DOI URL
[3]	Allen ST, Keim RF, Barnard HR, McDonnell JJ, Brooks JR (2017). The role of stable isotopes in understanding rainfall interception processes: a review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 4, e1187. DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1187. DOI
[4]	Allen ST, Kirchner JW, Braun S, Siegwolf RTW, Goldsmith GR (2019). Seasonal origins of soil water used by trees. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 23, 1199-1210. DOI
[5]	Allen ST, Kirchner JW, Goldsmith GR (2018). Predicting spatial patterns in precipitation isotope (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) seasonality using sinusoidal isoscapes. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 4859-4868. DOI URL
[6]	Allison GB, Hughes MW (1983). The use of natural tracers as indicators of soil-water movement in a temperate semi-arid region. Journal of Hydrology, 60, 157-173.
[7]	Barbeta A, Burlett R, Martín-Gómez P, Fréjaville B, Devert N, Wingate L, Domec J-C, Ogée J (2022). Evidence for distinct isotopic compositions of sap and tissue water in tree stems consequences for plant water source identification. New Phytologist, 233, 1121-1132. DOI URL
[8]	Barbeta A, Gimeno TE, Clavé L, Fréjaville B, Jones SP, Delvigne C, Wingate L, Ogée J (2020). An explanation for the isotopic offset between soil and stem water in a temperate tree species. New Phytologist, 227, 766-779. DOI PMID
[9]	Beyer M, Kühnhammer K, Dubbert M (2020). In situ measurements of soil and plant water isotopes: a review of approaches, practical considerations and a vision for the future. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 24, 4413-4440. DOI URL
[10]	Beyer M, Penna D (2021). On the spatio-temporal under- representation of isotopic data in ecohydrological studies. Frontiers in Water, 3, 643013. DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2021.643013. DOI
[11]	Bowen GJ, Revenaugh J (2003). Interpolating the isotopic composition of modern meteoric precipitation. Water Resources Research, 39, 1299. DOI: 10.1029/2003WR002086. DOI
[12]	Bowen GJ, Wilkinson B (2002). Spatial distribution of δ¹⁸O in meteoric precipitation. Geology, 30, 315-318. DOI URL
[13]	Bowers WH, Mercer JJ, Pleasants MS, Williams DG (2020). A combination of soil water extraction methods quantifies the isotopic mixing of waters held at separate tensions in soil. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 24, 4045-4060. DOI URL
[14]	Brandes E, Wenninger J, Koeniger P, Schindler D, Rennenberg H, Leibundgut C, Mayer H, Gessler A (2007). Assessing environmental and physiological controls over water relations in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand through analyses of stable isotope composition of water and organic matter. Plant, Cell & Environment, 30, 113-127.
[15]	Brooks JR, Gibson JJ, Birks SJ, Weber MH, Rodecap KD, Stoddard JL (2014). Stable isotope estimates of evaporation: inflow and water residence time for lakes across the United States as a tool for national lake water quality assessments. Limnology and Oceanography, 59, 2150-2165. DOI URL
[16]	Casa JDL, Barbeta A, Rodríguez-Uña A, Wingate L, Gimeno TE (2022). Isotopic offsets between bulk plant water and its sources are larger in cool and wet environments. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 26, 4125-4146. DOI URL
[17]	Cernusak LA, Barbour MM, Arndt SK, Cheesman AW, English NB, Feild TS, Helliker BR, Holloway-Phillips MM, Holtum JAM, Kahmen A, McInerney FA, Munksgaard NC, Simonin KA, Song X, Stuart-Williams H, et al. (2016). Stable isotopes in leaf water of terrestrial plants. Plant, Cell & Environment, 39, 1087-1102.
[18]	Cernusak LA, Farquhar GD, Pate JS (2005). Environmental and physiological controls over oxygen and carbon isotope composition of Tasmanian blue gum, Eucalyptus globulus. Tree Physiology, 25, 129-146.
[19]	Cernusak LA, Mejia-Chang M, Winter K, Griffiths H (2008). Oxygen isotope composition of CAM and C₃ Clusia species: non-steady-state dynamics control leaf water ¹⁸O enrichment in succulent leaves. Plant, Cell & Environment, 31, 1644-1662.
[20]	Chang E, Wolf A, Gerlein-Safdi C, Caylor KK (2016). Improved removal of volatile organic compounds for laser-based spectroscopy of water isotopes. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 30, 784-790. DOI PMID
[21]	Chen G, Auerswald K, Schnyder H (2016). ²H and ¹⁸O depletion of water close to organic surfaces. Biogeosciences, 13, 3175-3186. DOI URL
[22]	Chen YL, Helliker BR, Tang XH, Li F, Zhou YP, Song X (2020). Stem water cryogenic extraction biases estimation in deuterium isotope composition of plant source water. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117, 33345-33350. DOI PMID
[23]	Craig H, Gordon LL (1965). Deuterium and oxygen-18 variation in the ocean and marine atmosphere//Tongiorgi E. Proceedings of a Conference on Stable Isotopes in Oceanographic Studies and Paleotemperatures. Spoleto, Italy. 9-130.
[24]	Cui JP, Tian LD, Gerlein-Safdi C, Qu DM (2017). The influence of memory, sample size effects, and filter paper material on online laser-based plant and soil water isotope measurements. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 31, 509-522. DOI PMID
[25]	Dawson TE, Ehleringer JR (1993). Isotopic enrichment of water in the “woody” tissues of plants: implications for plant water source, water uptake, and other studies which use the stable isotopic composition of cellulose. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 3487-3492. DOI URL
[26]	Dawson TE, Mambelli S, Plamboeck AH, Templer PH, Tu KP (2002). Stable isotopes in plant ecology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 33, 507-559. DOI URL
[27]	Visser MD, Detto M, Boeckx P, Meunier F, Kuehnhammer K, Magh RK, Marshall JD, Wang LX, Zhao LJ, Verbeeck H (2020). Causes and consequences of pronounced variation in the isotope composition of plant xylem water. Biogeosciences, 17, 4853-4870. DOI URL
[28]	Dongmann G, Nürnberg HW, Förstel H, Wagener K (1974). On the enrichment of H₂¹⁸O in the leaves of transpiring plants. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 11, 41-52. PMID
[29]	Dubbert M, Werner C (2019). Water fluxes mediated by vegetation: emerging isotopic insights at the soil and atmosphere interfaces. New Phytologist, 221, 1754-1763. DOI PMID
[30]	Eller CB, Lima AL, Oliveira RS (2013). Foliar uptake of fog water and transport belowground alleviates drought effects in the cloud forest tree species, Drimys brasiliensis (Winteraceae). New Phytologist, 199, 151-162.
[31]	Ellsworth PZ, Sternberg LSL (2015). Seasonal water use by deciduous and evergreen woody species in a scrub community is based on water availability and root distribution. Ecohydrology, 8, 538-551. DOI URL
[32]	Ellsworth PZ, Williams DG (2007). Hydrogen isotope fractionation during water uptake by woody xerophytes. Plant and Soil, 291, 93-107. DOI URL
[33]	Falkenmark M, Rockström J (2006). The new blue and green water paradigm: breaking new ground for water resources planning and management. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 132, 129-132. DOI URL
[34]	Farquhar GD, Cernusak LA, Barnes B (2007). Heavy water fractionation during transpiration. Plant Physiology, 143, 11-18. PMID
[35]	Gaines KP, Meinzer FC, Duffy CJ, Thomas EM, Eissenstat DM (2016). Rapid tree water transport and residence times in a Pennsylvania catchment. Ecohydrology, 9, 1554-1565. DOI URL
[36]	Gaj M, McDonnell JJ (2019). Possible soil tension controls on the isotopic equilibrium fractionation factor for evaporation from soil. Hydrological Processes, 33, 1629-1634. DOI URL
[37]	Goldsmith GR, Allen ST, Braun S, Engbersen N, González- Quijano CR, Kirchner JW, Siegwolf RTW (2018). Spatial variation in throughfall, soil, and plant water isotopes in a temperate forest. Ecohydrology, e2059. DOI: 10.1002/eco.2059. DOI
[38]	Graefe S, Fang DM, Butz P (2019). Water residence times in trees of a neotropical dry forest. Trees, 33, 1225-1231. DOI
[39]	Grant GE, Dietrich WE (2017). The frontier beneath our feet. Water Resources Research, 53, 2605-2609. DOI URL
[40]	Gröening M (2011). Improved water δ²H and δ¹⁸O calibration and calculation of measurement uncertainty using a simple software tool. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 25, 2711-2720. DOI URL
[41]	Grossmann J, Udluft P (1991). The extraction of soil water by the suction-cup method: a review. Journal of Soil Science, 42, 83-93. DOI URL
[42]	Gui ZY, Qin SG, Hu Z, Bai F, Shi HS, Zhang YQ (2021). Foliar condensate absorption and its pathways of two typical shrub species in the Mu Us Desert. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 45, 583-593. DOI URL
	[ 桂子洋, 秦树高, 胡朝, 白凤, 石慧书, 张宇清 (2021). 毛乌素沙地两种典型灌木叶片凝结水吸收能力及吸水途径. 植物生态学报, 45, 583-593.]
[43]	Gupta P, Noone D, Galewsky J, Sweeney C, Vaughn BH (2009). Demonstration of high-precision continuous measurements of water vapor isotopologues in laboratory and remote field deployments using wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) technology. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 23, 2534-2542. DOI PMID
[44]	Hahn M, Jacobs SR, Breuer L, Rufino MC, Windhorst D (2021). Variability in tree water uptake determined with stable water isotopes in an African tropical montane forest. Ecohydrology, 14, e2278. DOI: 10.1002/eco.2278. DOI
[45]	Hellmann C, Rascher KG, Oldeland J, Werner C (2016). Isoscapes resolve species-specific spatial patterns in plant- plant interactions in an invaded Mediterranean dune ecosystem. Tree Physiology, 36, 1460-1470. DOI URL
[46]	Hendry M, Schmeling E, Wassenaar L, Barbour S, Pratt D (2015). Determining the stable isotope composition of pore water from saturated and unsaturated zone core: improvements to the direct vapour equilibration laser spectrometry method. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 19, 4427-4440. DOI URL
[47]	Holder M, Brown KW, Thomas JC, Zabcik D, Murray HE (1991). Capillary-wick unsaturated zone soil pore water sampler. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55, 1195-1202. DOI URL
[48]	Jason B, West EN (Translated by Lin GH) (2018). Isoscapes: Understanding Movement, Pattern, and Process on Earth Through Isotope Mapping. Science Press, Beijing.
	[ 林光辉(译) (2018). 同位素景观图谱: 通过同位素制图认识地球物质移动、格局及其过程. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[49]	Javaux M, Rothfuss Y, Vanderborght J, Vereecken H, Brüggemann N (2016). Isotopic composition of plant water sources. Nature, 536, E1-E3.
[50]	Jia GD, Liu ZQ, Chen LX, Yu XX (2017). Distinguish water utilization strategies of trees growing on earth-rocky mountainous area with transpiration and water isotopes. Ecology and Evolution, 7, 10640-10651. DOI PMID
[51]	Jiang SY, Rao WB, Han LF (2021). Determining the stable isotope composition of porewater using low temperature multi-step extraction for low water content soils. Journal of Hydrology, 596, 126079. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126079. DOI
[52]	Kahmen A, Hoffmann B, Schefuß E, Arndt SK, Cernusak LA, West JB, Sachse D (2013). Leaf water deuterium enrichment shapes leaf wax n-alkane δD values of angiosperm plants II: Observational evidence and global implications. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 111, 50-63. DOI URL
[53]	Kelln CJ, Wassenaar LI, Hendry MJ (2001). Stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δ²H) of pore waters in clay-rich aquitards: a comparison and evaluation of measurement techniques. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, 21, 108-116.
[54]	Knighton J, Kuppel S, Smith A, Soulsby C, Sprenger M, Tetzlaff D (2020). Using isotopes to incorporate tree water storage and mixing dynamics into a distributed ecohydrologic modelling framework. Ecohydrology, 13, e2201. DOI: 10.1002/eco.2201. DOI
[55]	Leaney FW, Osmond CB, Allison GB, Ziegler H (1985). Hydrogen-isotope composition of leaf water in C₃ and C₄ plants:its relationship to the hydrogen-isotope composition of dry matter. Planta, 164, 215-220.
[56]	Lehmann MM, Goldsmith GR, Schmid L, Gessler A, Saurer M, Siegwolf RTW (2018). The effect of ¹⁸O-labelled water vapour on the oxygen isotope ratio of water and assimilates in plants at high humidity. New Phytologist, 217, 105-116. DOI PMID
[57]	Li Y, Ma Y, Song XF, Wang LX, Han DM (2021). A δ²H offset correction method for quantifying root water uptake of riparian trees. Journal of Hydrology, 593, 125811. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125811. DOI
[58]	Lin GH (2013). Stable Isotope Ecology. Higher Education Press, Beijing. 5-17.
	[ 林光辉 (2013). 稳定同位素生态学. 高等教育出版社, 北京. 5-17.]
[59]	Lin Y, Horita J, Abe O (2018). Adsorption isotope effects of water on mesoporous silica and alumina with implications for the land-vegetation-atmosphere system. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 223, 520-536. DOI URL
[60]	Lis G, Wassenaar L, Hendry M (2008). High-precision laser spectroscopy D/H and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O measurements of microliter natural water samples. Analytical Chemistry, 80, 287-293. PMID
[61]	Liu JL, Xu SH (2003). Figuring soil water characteristic curve based on particle size distribution data: application of fractal models. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 40, 46-52.
	[ 刘建立, 徐绍辉 (2003). 根据颗粒大小分布估计土壤水分特征曲线: 分形模型的应用. 土壤学报, 40, 46-52.]
[62]	Liu Z, Jia G, Yu X (2020). Variation of water uptake in degradation agroforestry shelterbelts on the North China Plain. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 287, 106697. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2019.106697. DOI
[63]	Lyu SD, Song XW, Wen XF (2019). Ecohydrologic separation of the mixing process between precipitation and soil water: a review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 30, 1797-1806.
	[ 吕斯丹, 宋贤威, 温学发 (2019). 降水与土壤水混合过程的生态水文分离现象及其研究进展. 应用生态学报, 30, 1797-1806.] DOI
[64]	Magh RK, Eiferle C, Burzlaff T, Dannenmann M, Rennenberg H, Dubbert M (2020). Competition for water rather than facilitation in mixed beech-fir forests after drying-wetting cycle. Journal of Hydrology, 587, 124944. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124944. DOI
[65]	Majoube M (1971). Fractionnement en oxygène 18 et en deutérium entre l’eau et sa vapeur. Journal De Chimie Physique, 68, 1423-1436. DOI URL
[66]	Mamonov AB, Coalson RD, Zeidel ML, Mathai JC (2007). Water and deuterium oxide permeability through aquaporin 1: MD predictions and experimental verification. The Journal of General Physiology, 130, 111-116. DOI URL
[67]	Marshall JD, Cuntz M, Beyer M, Dubbert M, Kuehnhammer K (2020). Borehole equilibration: testing a new method to monitor the isotopic composition of tree xylem water in situ. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 358. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00358. DOI
[68]	Martín-Gómez P, Barbeta A, Voltas J, Peñuelas J, Dennis K, Palacio S, Dawson TE, Ferrio JP (2015). Isotope-ratio infrared spectroscopy: a reliable tool for the investigation of plant-water sources? New Phytologist, 207, 914-927. DOI PMID
[69]	Martín-Gómez P, Serrano L, Ferrio JP (2016). Short-term dynamics of evaporative enrichment of xylem water in woody stems implications for ecohydrology. Tree Physiology, 37, 511-522.
[70]	Millar C, Pratt D, Schneider DJ, McDonnell JJ (2018). A comparison of extraction systems for plant water stable isotope analysis. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 32, 1031-1044. DOI PMID
[71]	Miralles DG, Gash JH, Holmes TRH, de Jeu RAM, Dolman AJ (2010). Global canopy interception from satellite observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 115, D16122. DOI: 10.1029/2009JD013530. DOI
[72]	Moore JW, Semmens BX (2008). Incorporating uncertainty and prior information into stable isotope mixing models. Ecology Letters, 11, 470-480. DOI PMID
[73]	Oerter E, Finstad K, Schaefer J, Goldsmith GR, Dawson T, Amundson R (2014). Oxygen isotope fractionation effects in soil water via interaction with cations (Mg, Ca, K, Na) adsorbed to phyllosilicate clay minerals. Journal of Hydrology, 515, 1-9. DOI URL
[74]	Oerter EJ, Bowen G (2017). In situ monitoring of H and O stable isotopes in soil water reveals ecohydrologic dynamics in managed soil systems. Ecohydrology, 10, e1841. DOI: 10.1002/eco.1841. DOI
[75]	Olsen J, Seierstad I, Vinther B, Johnsen S, Heinemeier J (2006). Memory effect in deuterium analysis by continuous flow isotope ratio measurement. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 254, 44-52. DOI URL
[76]	Orlowski N, Breuer L, Angeli N, Boeckx P, Brumbt C, Cook CS, Dubbert M, Dyckmans J, Gallagher B, Gralher B, Herbstritt B, Hervé-Fernández P, Hissler C, Koeniger P, Legout A, et al. (2018a). Inter-laboratory comparison of cryogenic water extraction systems for stable isotope analysis of soil water. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 22, 3619-3637. DOI URL
[77]	Orlowski N, Pratt DL, McDonnell JJ (2016). Intercomparison of soil pore water extraction methods for stable isotope analysis. Hydrological Processes, 30, 3434-3449. DOI URL
[78]	Orlowski N, Winkler A, McDonnell JJ, Breuer L (2018b). A simple greenhouse experiment to explore the effect of cryogenic water extraction for tracing plant source water. Ecohydrology, 11, e1967. DOI: 10.1002/eco.1967. DOI
[79]	Parnell AC, Inger R, Bearhop S, Jackson AL (2010). Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too much variation. PLoS ONE, 5, e9672. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009672. DOI
[80]	Peng GQ, Yang DM, Liang Z, Li JH, Tyree MT (2019). An improved centrifuge method for determining water extraction curves and vulnerability curves in the long-vessel species Robinia pseudoacacia. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70, 4865-4876.
[81]	Penna D, Hopp L, Scandellari F, Allen S, Benettin P, Beyer M, Geris J, Klaus J, Marshall J, Schwendenmann L, Volkmann T, von Freyberg J, Amin A, Ceperley N, Engel M, et al. (2018). Ideas and perspectives: tracing terrestrial ecosystem water fluxes using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes—Challenges and opportunities from an interdisciplinary perspective. Biogeosciences, 15, 6399-6415. DOI URL
[82]	Penna D, Stenni B, Anda MÅ, Wrede S, Chárová Z (2010). On the reproducibility and repeatability of laser absorption spectroscopy measurements for δ²H and δ¹⁸O isotopic analysis. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 14, 1551-1566.
[83]	Penna D, Stenni B, Sanda M, Wrede S, Wassenaar LI (2012). Technical note: evaluation of between-sample memory effects in the analysis of δ²H and δ¹⁸O of water samples measured by laser spectroscopes. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16, 3925-3933. DOI URL
[84]	Philip JR (1966). Plant water relations: some physical aspects. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 17, 245-268. DOI URL
[85]	Phillips DL, Gregg JW (2003). Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too many sources. Oecologia, 136, 261-269. PMID
[86]	Poca M, Coomans O, Urcelay C, Zeballos SR, Bodé S, Boeckx P (2019). Isotope fractionation during root water uptake by Acacia caven is enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plant and Soil, 441, 485-497. DOI
[87]	Roden JS, Lin GH, Ehleringer JR (2000). A mechanistic model for interpretation of hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in tree-ring cellulose. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 21-35. DOI URL
[88]	Rothfuss Y, Javaux M (2017). Reviews and syntheses: isotopic approaches to quantify root water uptake: a review and comparison of methods. Biogeosciences, 14, 2199-2224. DOI URL
[89]	Rothfuss Y, Quade M, Brüggemann N, Graf A, Dubbert M (2020). Reviews and syntheses: gaining insights into evapotranspiration partitioning with novel isotopic monitoring methods. Biogeosciences, 18, 3701-3732. DOI URL
[90]	Schmidt M, Maseyk K, Lett C, Biron P, Richard P, Bariac T, Seibt U (2012). Reducing and correcting for contamination of ecosystem water stable isotopes measured by isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 26, 141-153. DOI PMID
[91]	Seeger S, Weiler M (2021). Temporal dynamics of tree xylem water isotopes: in situ monitoring and modelling. Biogeosciences, 18, 4603-4627. DOI URL
[92]	Si JH, Chang ZQ, Su YH, Xi HY, Feng Q (2008). Stomatal conductance characteristics of Populus euphratica leaves and response to environmental factors in the extreme arid region. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 28, 125-130.
	[ 司建华, 常宗强, 苏永红, 席海洋, 冯起 (2008). 胡杨叶片气孔导度特征及其对环境因子的响应. 西北植物学报, 28, 125-130.]
[93]	Song X, Loucos KE, Simonin KA, Farquhar GD, Barbour MM (2015). Measurements of transpiration isotopologues and leaf water to assess enrichment models in cotton. New Phytologist, 206, 637-646. DOI PMID
[94]	Soulsby C, Braun H, Sprenger M, Weiler M, Tetzlaff D (2017). Influence of forest and shrub canopies on precipitation partitioning and isotopic signatures. Hydrological Processes, 31, 4282-4296. DOI URL
[95]	Sprenger M, Herbstritt B, Weiler M (2015). Established methods and new opportunities for pore water stable isotope analysis. Hydrological Processes, 29, 5174-5192. DOI URL
[96]	Sprenger M, Llorens P, Cayuela Linares C, Gallart F, Latron J (2019). Mechanisms of consistently disjunct soil water pools over (pore) space and time. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 23, 2751-2762. DOI URL
[97]	Sprenger M, Tetzlaff D, Buttle J, Laudon H, Leistert H, Mitchell CPJ, Snelgrove J, Weiler M, Soulsby C (2018). Measuring and modeling stable isotopes of mobile and bulk soil water. Vadose Zone Journal, 17, 1-18.
[98]	Stock BC, Jackson AL, Ward EJ, Parnell AC, Phillips DL, Semmens BX (2018). Analyzing mixing systems using a new generation of Bayesian tracer mixing models. PeerJ, 6, e5096. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5096. DOI
[99]	Sun L, Chen LD, Yang L (2020). Catchment water conservation based on stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes: a review. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 40, 8872-8881.
	[ 孙龙, 陈利顶, 杨磊 (2020). 基于氢氧同位素技术的流域水源涵养研究进展. 生态学报, 40, 8872-8881.]
[100]	Sun XC, Onda Y, Hirata A, Kato H, Gomi T, Liu XY (2018). Effect of canopy openness and meteorological factors on spatial variability of throughfall isotopic composition in a Japanese cypress plantation. Hydrological Processes, 32, 1038-1049. DOI URL
[101]	Tang XH, Chen YL, Li F, Song X (2020). Water isotope analysis for tracing ecosystem processes: measurement techniques, ecological applications, and future challenges. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 350-359. DOI URL
	[ 汤显辉, 陈永乐, 李芳, 宋欣 (2020). 水同位素分析与生态系统过程示踪: 技术、应用以及未来挑战. 植物生态学报, 44, 350-359.] DOI
[102]	Vargas AI, Schaffer B, Li YH, da Silveira Lobo Sternberg L (2017). Testing plant use of mobile vs immobile soil water sources using stable isotope experiments. New Phytologist, 215, 582-594. DOI PMID
[103]	Volkmann THM, Kühnhammer K, Herbstritt B, Gessler A, Weiler M (2016). A method for in situ monitoring of the isotope composition of tree xylem water using laser spectroscopy. Plant, Cell & Environment, 39, 2055-2063.
[104]	Volkmann THM, Weiler M (2014). Continual in situ monitoring of pore water stable isotopes in the subsurface. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18, 1819-1833. DOI URL
[105]	von Freyberg J, Allen ST, Grossiord C, Dawson TE (2020). Plant and root-zone water isotopes are difficult to measure, explain, and predict: some practical recommendations for determining plant water sources. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 1352-1367. DOI URL
[106]	Wassenaar LI, Hendry MJ, Chostner VL, Lis GP (2008). High resolution pore water δ²H and δ¹⁸O measurements by H₂O_(liquid)-H₂O_(vapor)equilibration laser spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology, 42, 9262-9267. DOI URL
[107]	Wen MY, Lu YW, Li M, He D, Xiang W, Zhao Y, Cui BL, Si BC (2021). Correction of cryogenic vacuum extraction biases and potential effects on soil water isotopes application. Journal of Hydrology, 603, 127011. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127011. DOI
[108]	Werner C, Dubbert M (2016). Resolving rapid dynamics of soil-plant-atmosphere interactions. New Phytologist, 210, 767-769. DOI PMID
[109]	West AG, February EC, Bowen GJ (2014). Spatial analysis of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes (“isoscapes”) in ground water and tap water across South Africa. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 145, 213-222. DOI URL
[110]	Xiao W, Wei ZW, Wen XF (2018). Evapotranspiration partitioning at the ecosystem scale using the stable isotope method—A review. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 263, 346-361. DOI URL
[111]	Xu XW, Yu XX, Jia GD, Li HZ, Lu WW, Liu ZQ (2017). A review of water and carbon flux partitioning and coupling in SPAC using stable isotope techniques. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 2369-2378.
	[ 徐晓梧, 余新晓, 贾国栋, 李瀚之, 路伟伟, 刘自强 (2017). 基于稳定同位素的SPAC水碳拆分及耦合研究进展. 应用生态学报, 28, 2369-2378.] DOI
[112]	Zhang YF, Wang XP, Pan YX, Hu R (2019). Alteration in isotopic composition of gross rainfall as it is being partitioned into throughfall and stemflow by xerophytic shrub canopies within water-limited arid desert ecosystems. Science of the Total Environment, 692, 631-639. DOI URL
[113]	Zhao LJ, Wang LX, Cernusak LA, Liu XH, Xiao HL, Zhou MX, Zhang SQ (2016). Significant difference in hydrogen isotope composition between xylem and tissue water in Populus euphratica. Plant, Cell & Environment, 39, 1848-1857.
[114]	Zimmermann U, Ehhalt D, Muennich KO (1968). Soil-water movement and evapotranspiration: changes in the isotopic composition of the water//International Atomic Energy Agency. Inter Isotopes in Hydrology. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. 567-585.
[115]	Zuecco G, Amin A, Frentress J, Engel M, Penna D (2022). A comparative study of plant water extraction methods for isotopic analyses: Scholander-type pressure chamber vs. cryogenic vacuum distillation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 13, 3673-3689.