植物应对食草动物采食的化学防御策略研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0230

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物在长期进化过程中形成了多样的防御策略以应对食草动物的采食, 其中基于植物次生代谢产物的化学防御策略在植物-食草动物种间互作中起到了关键的调控作用。植物次生代谢产物的合成以减少资源向生长和繁殖的分配为代价, 是植物应对食草动物采食的一种权衡策略。国内外针对植物次生代谢产物如何影响食草动物的采食行为、植物个体生长和适合度等已开展了较多研究, 但对其化学防御策略还缺乏系统的综述。该文梳理了植物次生代谢产物合成与释放的影响因素、植物应对食草动物采食的化学防御策略及形成机制。植物个体组织器官、种群和群落特征、食草动物种类及采食强度、土壤资源有效性、生长季节和环境胁迫均会对植物次生代谢产物的合成与释放产生影响。植物通过增强化学防御的可塑性、调节光合产物分配格局和资源在生长-繁殖-防御功能间的权衡关系来应对食草动物的采食。针对植物化学防御策略的形成机制, 当前主要的假说/理论包括生长分化平衡假说、植物可见性假说、最优防御理论、碳养分平衡假说、生长速率假说、植物防御综合征假说和错误管理理论等。随着人类活动(如放牧)的增加和气候变化的加剧, 未来应从多学科交叉视角, 加强植物应对大型食草动物采食、环境胁迫和全球变化背景下植物防御策略的研究, 以更深入地理解植物应对食草动物的防御过程及机制。

关键词: 植物次生代谢产物, 化学防御策略, 防御成本, 生长-防御权衡, 食草动物

Abstract:

Plants have evolved diverse defense strategies to herbivory over time. Chemical defenses based on plant secondary metabolites play a key role in plants-herbivores interspecific interactions. There is a trade-off between the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites for plants and resource allocation to growth and reproduction. Recently, numerous studies have examined how plant secondary metabolites affect behavior of herbivores as well as plant growth and fitness. However, a comprehensive and in-depth elaboration of the chemical defense strategies of plants is still lacking. We systematically review the factors influencing the synthesis and release of plant secondary metabolites, the chemical defense strategies and their formation mechanisms in response to herbivory. Plant tissues and organs, population and species composition in the community, species identity and feeding intensity of herbivores, soil resource availability, seasons, environmental stresses all can affect the synthesis and release of plant secondary metabolites. Plants respond to herbivory by enhancing the plasticity of chemical defense, regulating the partitioning pattern of photosynthetic products and the trade-offs relationship between growth, reproduction and defense. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain plant chemical defense strategies, including growth-differentiation balance hypothesis, plant apparency hypothesis, optimal defense theory, carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis, growth rate hypothesis, plant defense syndromes hypothesis, and error management theory. As the intensification of human activities (e.g., livestock grazing) and climate change, researches on plant defense strategies in response to large herbivore feeding, environmental stress and global change should be strengthened in the future with a multidisciplinary perspective, which will be helpful for deeper understanding of the defense processes and mechanisms of plants in response to herbivores.

Key words: plant secondary metabolites, chemical defense strategies, cost of defense, growth-defense trade off, herbivores

平晓燕, 杜毅倩, 赖仕蓉, 孔梦桥, 余国杰. 植物应对食草动物采食的化学防御策略研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(5): 667-680. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0230

PING Xiao-Yan, DU Yi-Qian, LAI Shi-Rong, KONG Meng-Qiao, YU Guo-Jie. Research progress of plant chemical defense strategies in response to herbivory. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(5): 667-680. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0230

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0230

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I5/667

图/表 1

图1 植物防御次生代谢产物的分类、影响因素及作用机制。该图在Züst和Agrawal (2017)基础上进行修改, 图中橙色圆点代表植物释放的挥发性有机化合物, 绿色实线箭头代表促进, 蓝色虚线箭头代表抑制, 红色双箭头代表权衡关系。

Fig. 1 Types, controlling factors and functional mechanisms of plant defense secondary metabolites. This figure was modified based on Züst & Agrawal (2017). The orange dots in the figure represent biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) released by plants, the green solid arrows represent facilitation, the blue dashed arrows represent inhibition, and the red double arrows represent trade-offs.

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