Abstract: This paper is aimed to discuss the reason of decline and the way of regeneration from the relation between the Populus euphratica and its environment in the Tarimpendi (basin). The invasion of this plant community usually are dominated by the overflowing floods of rivers. In the arid climate, these consociation forests depend on the underground water for their growth, and can’t regeneration naturally. The biotopes of community are determined by the life cycle of individuals in the forest. Since in the desert zone the river courses are often changing, hence its distribution range is maintained in a dynamic stable state. In recent decades, the base of life of Populus euphratica was shaken, as a result of the changed flood factor; moreover the declining is further intensified by forest denudation. The efficiency of the coppice wood growing from the stumps of lumbered trees is low. If these stumps are dug up, young shoots may grow out vigorously from the underground roots remaining in the soil, and the trees grow up as cuttings;hence this may be an effective way for regeneration and rejuvenation of Populus euphratica forests.