Abstract: The authors have explored characteristics of nodulation and nitrogen fixation of several tree legumes, the influence of soil condition and their growth through field investigation and pot-culture experiment. It is of great significance for greening wasteland, soil amelioration and promoting ecological balance that Cajanus cajan, Tephrosia candida and Robinia pseudoacacia are planted on the cinnamon red earth of the southern subtropical zone, and that Albizzia kalkora and Robinia pseudoacacia on the purplish soil of the middle Subtropical zone.