燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物对盐碱土的改良效应及对向日葵生长的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.10.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用大田和盆栽相结合的试验方法, 研究了施用燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物(简称脱硫废弃物)后对盐碱土壤的改良状况及对油用向日葵(Helianthus annuus) (油葵)生长的影响。试验地设在宁夏平罗西大滩碱化土壤上, 设置5个不同脱硫废弃物施用量: 0、11.25 × 10³、22.50 × 10³、33.75 × 10³和45.00 × 10³ kg·hm^-2, 连续3年(2006-2008年)观测了土壤pH值、全盐含量及油葵根系的长度与体积、叶片细胞膜透性和抗氧化保护酶系统。试验数据显示, 施入脱硫废弃物后, 土壤pH值、全盐含量、油葵叶片细胞膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈逐年下降趋势, 油葵根系的长度和体积呈逐年上升趋势, 且各处理间均差异显著(p < 0.05)。研究结果表明, 脱硫废弃物的施用能显著改良盐碱土壤, 促进油葵的生长, 综合考虑经济因素, 11.25 × 10³ kg·hm^-2的施用量效果最佳。

关键词: 燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物, 油葵, 盐碱土, 土壤改良

Abstract:

Aims Coal-fired flue gas desulfurated waste residue (abbreviated as desulfurated waste residue) may be a feasible approach to improving saline-alkali soil. Our objective was to explore the effects of desulfurated waste residue application on saline-alkali soil amelioration and growth of oil-sunflower (Helianthus annuus).

Methods Based on field and pot experiments, we studied soil properties (including pH and total salt content), and plant eco-physiological traits (root length and volume, leaf cell membrane permeability and oxidative protection enzyme systems) from 2006 to 2008. The field experiment was carried on alkali soil of Xidatan, Pingluo, Ningxia, and the desulfurated waste residue was added at ratios of 0, 11.25 × 10³, 22.50 × 10³, 33.75 × 10³ and 45.00 × 10³ kg·hm^-2.

Important findings The application of desulfurated waste residue to alkali soil decreased soil pH, total salt content, oil-sunflower leaf cell membrane permeability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased oil-sunflower root length and volume. Therefore, application of desulfurated waste residue can improve saline-alkali soil markedly and enhance the growth of oil-sunflower on such soil. The amelioration effect increased with time during the 3-year experiment period. Considering economic factors, the 11.25 × 10³ kg·hm^-2 treatment achieved the best amelioration effect.

Key words: coal-fired flue gas desulfurated waste residue, oil-sunflower, saline-alkali soil, soil amelioration

王彬, 肖国举, 毛桂莲, 岳自慧, 许兴. 燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物对盐碱土的改良效应及对向日葵生长的影响. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(10): 1227-1235. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.10.012

WANG Bin, XIAO Guo-Ju, MAO Gui-Lian, YUE Zi-Hui, XU Xing. Effects of coal-fired flue gas desulfurated waste residue application on saline-alkali soil amelioration and oil-sunflower growth. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(10): 1227-1235. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.10.012

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I10/1227

图/表 9

表1 脱硫废弃物的化学成分

Table 1 The chemical composition of desulfurated waste residue

成分 Composition	CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	TiO₂	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	P₂O₅
含量 Content (%)	37.67	2.16	0.62	0.58	0.75	0.06	0.10	0.10	0.02	0.03

表2 施用脱硫废弃物后大田种植油葵0-20 cm土壤pH值的年际变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)

Table 2 Annual variation of 0-20cm soil pH in oil-sunflower field trial after added desulfurated waste residue (mean ± SE, n = 5)

	改良前本底值 Background value before amelioration	2006年秋 2006 Autumn	2007年秋 2007 Autumn	2008年秋 2008 Autumn
CK	10.35 ± 0.13^a	10.21 ± 0.06^a	10.04 ± 0.10^a	10.01 ± 0.14^a
T1	10.28 ± 0.09^a	9.47 ± 0.08^d	8.39 ± 0.08^d	8.02 ± 0.12^c
T2	10.30 ± 0.06^a	9.32 ± 0.04^e	8.18 ± 0.11^e	7.93 ± 0.10^c
T3	10.30 ± 0.13^a	9.61 ± 0.09^c	8.96 ± 0.12^c	8.86 ± 0.12^b
T4	10.36 ± 0.08^a	9.84 ± 0.13^b	9.66 ± 0.14^b	8.76 ± 0.13^b
F/p	2.25/0.152	210.20/0.000	1252.22/0.000	878.63/0.000

图1 施用脱硫废弃物后盆栽油葵0-20 cm土壤pH值的变化(2007-2008) (平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。 CK、T1、T2、T3、T4, 同表2。

Fig. 1 Variation of 0-20 cm soil pH in oil-sunflower pot trial after added desulfurated waste residue during 2007-2008 (mean ± SE, n = 3). CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, see Table 2.

表3 施用脱硫废弃物后大田种植油葵0-20 cm土壤全盐的年际变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)

Table 3 Annual variation of 0-20 cm soil total salt content (‰) in oil-sunflower field trial after added desulfurated waste residue (mean ± SE, n = 5)

	改良前本底值 Background value before amelioration	2006年秋 2006 Autumn	2007年秋 2007 Autumn	2008年秋 2008 Autumn
CK	6.08 ± 0.16^a	5.95 ± 0.15^c	5.82 ± 0.15^b	5.80 ± 0.12^a
T1	6.02 ± 0.15^a	5.74 ± 0.10^d	5.43 ± 0.09^c	4.23 ± 0.09^c
T2	5.97 ± 0.18^a	5.70 ± 0.10^d	5.45 ± 0.10^c	4.02 ± 0.05^d
T3	6.04 ± 0.15^a	7.99 ± 0.17^b	6.78 ± 0.13^a	5.77 ± 0.14^a
T4	5.96 ± 0.17^a	8.55 ± 0.09^a	6.85 ± 0.14^a	5.64 ± 0.08^b
F/p	1.09/0.425	512.54/0.000	853.57/0.000	1322.17/0.000

图2 施用脱硫废弃物后盆栽油葵0-20 cm土壤全盐的变化(2007-2008)(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。 CK、T1、T2、T3、T4, 同表2。

Fig. 2 Variation of 0-20 cm soil total salt content in oil-sunflower pot trial after added desulfurated waste residue during 2007-2008 (mean ± SE, n = 3). CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, see Table 2.

图3 施用脱硫废弃物后盆栽油葵苗期根系长度和体积的年际变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。同一年份中不同字母表示在0.01水平上差异显著(p < 0.01); F (0.01) = 5.99。CK、T1、T2、T3、T4, 同表2。

Fig. 3 Annual variation of root length and volume in oil-sunflower pot trial after added desulfurated waste residue in seedling period (mean ± SE, n = 3). Different letters in the same year indicate significant difference at 0.01 level. F (0.01) = 5.99. CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, see Table 2.

图4 施用脱硫废弃物后大田种植油葵苗期、成熟期叶片细胞膜透性(%)的年际变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)。同一年份同一生育期中不同字母表示在0.01水平上差异显著(p < 0.01); F (0.01) = 4.43。CK、T1、T2、T3、T4, 同表2。

Fig. 4 Annual variation of leaf cell membrane permeability (%) in oil-sunflower field trial after added desulfurated waste residue in seedling and maturity periods (mean ± SE, n = 5). Ma: maturity period; Se: seedling period. Different letters in the same year and period indicate significant difference at 0.01 level. F (0.01) = 4.43. CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, see Table 2.

表4 施用脱硫废弃物后大田种植油葵苗期和成熟期叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(U·g-1FW)的年际变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 5)

Table 4 Annual variation of leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (U·g-1FW) in oil-sunflower field trial after in seedling and maturity periods (mean ± SE, n = 5)

	苗期 Seedling period			成熟期 Maturity period
	2006	2007	2008	2006	2007	2008
CK	381.22 ± 10.10^c	361.43 ± 8.73^b	363.42 ± 9.71^a	362.69 ± 6.95^c	362.85 ± 7.53^a	342.99 ± 7.15^a
T1	356.18 ± 13.31^d	305.55 ± 8.09^d	266.81 ± 8.56^d	323.51 ± 7.80^d	315.77 ± 6.90^b	184.34 ± 10.15^d
T2	373.81 ± 10.18^c	293.94 ± 8.09^e	273.58 ± 6.51^c	313.78 ± 6.01^e	263.54 ± 6.37^d	161.27 ± 8.00^e
T3	398.46 ± 7.00^b	328.67 ± 11.07^c	258.89 ± 9.26^e	384.56 ± 11.36^b	304.76 ± 8.07^c	268.60 ± 8.05^b
T4	431.57 ± 7.37^a	371.49 ± 8.49^a	325.52 ± 8.45^b	432.33 ± 7.52^a	365.87 ± 6.97^a	204.41 ± 6.85^c
F/p	85.13/0.000	209.22/0.000	549.03/0.000	279.15/0.000	1234.87/0.000	1304.99/0.000

图5 施用脱硫废弃物后盆栽油葵叶片过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在不同生育期的变化(2008年) (平均值±标准误差, n = 3)

Fig. 5 Variation of leaf peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity in oil-sunflower pot trial after in different periods during 2008 (mean ± SE, n = 3). Ma, maturity period; Se, seedling period; Sq, squaring period.

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