不同海拔高度下百山祖冷杉幼苗的生长特征及其影响因素
收稿日期: 2024-06-12
录用日期: 2024-11-12
网络出版日期: 2024-11-14
基金资助
浙江省“尖兵” “领雁”研发攻关计划(2023C03137)
Growth characteristics of Abies beshanzuensis seedlings at different altitudes and the influencing factors
Received date: 2024-06-12
Accepted date: 2024-11-12
Online published: 2024-11-14
Supported by
Zhejiang Province “Vanguard” and “Leading Goose” R&D Breakthrough Program(2023C03137)
百山祖冷杉(Abies beshanzuensis)是国家一级重点保护野生植物, 目前仅存3株母树, 分布于浙江省庆元县百山祖西南坡海拔1 750 m左右的常绿落叶阔叶混交林中。为深入了解不同海拔高度下环境因子变化对百山祖冷杉幼苗生长的影响, 在庆元县山区设置11个不同海拔高度(500-1 500 m)实验点, 对移植的百山祖冷杉幼苗进行生长监测, 并结合土壤和空气温湿度、土壤微生物和土壤理化性质等环境因子的变化, 探究百山祖冷杉幼苗生长对海拔高度变化的响应机制。研究结果表明: (1) 海拔过低(500 m)导致百山祖冷杉幼苗存活率下降50%。幼苗的高度、冠宽、基径和其对应的增长率随海拔的升高先上升后下降, 在海拔700-1 100 m区域生长最佳。(2)真菌Simpson多样性指数增加对幼苗基径增长率有显著正向作用。(3)幼苗生长与空气和土壤温度存在显著的正相关关系, 而与空气和土壤湿度存在显著的负相关关系。土壤和空气温度在11-19 ℃范围内升高以及土壤和空气湿度在10%-25%范围降低能够促进幼苗生长。(4)土壤营养元素如铵态氮含量和碳氮比对幼苗高度、基径和冠宽的增长率具有显著正向作用。总之, 海拔、真菌多样性、土壤和空气温湿度以及土壤营养元素是影响百山祖冷杉幼苗生长的关键环境因子, 今后进行迁地保护时可重点考虑。
李欣怡 , 张丽芳 , 吴友贵 , 郭静 , 兰荣光 , 吕洪飞 , 于明坚 . 不同海拔高度下百山祖冷杉幼苗的生长特征及其影响因素[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025 , 49(4) : 610 -623 . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0194
Aims Abies beshanzuensis is a first-class protected wild plant in China, with only three individuals remaining in mixed evergreen-deciduous broadleaf forest at approximately 1 750 m above sea level on the southwest slope of Baishanzu, Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province. This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of environmental factors on the growth of A. beshanzuensis seedlings at different altitudes.
Methods we established 11 experimental sites at varying altitudes (ranging from 500 to 1 500 m) in the Qingyuan mountain region to monitor the growth of transplanted A. beshanzuensis seedlings. By examining changes in environmental factors such as air temperature and humidity, soil microorganisms, and soil physicochemical properties, we investigated how A. beshanzuensis seedlings responded to altitude change.
Important findings The results showed that: (1) the survival rate of A. beshanzuensis seedlings decreased by 50% due to the low altitude (500 m). The height, crown width, base diameter and their corresponding growth rates of seedlings increased first and then decreased with the increasing altitude; and the seedlings grew best at altitudes ranging from 700-1 100 m. (2) An increase in fungal Simpson diversity index had a significant positive effect on the growth rate of seedling base diameter. (3) The growth of seedlings showed a significant positive correlation with air and soil temperature, and a significant negative correlation with air and soil moisture. Specifically, an increase in air and soil temperature within the range of 11-19 °C and a decrease in air and soil humidity within the range of 10%-25% promoted seedling growth. (4) The soil nutrients, such as ammonium nitrogen content, as well as soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, had significant positive effects on the growth rates of seedling height, base diameter and crown width. In conclusion, altitude, fungal diversity, soil and air temperature, humidity, and soil nutrients are key environmental factors influencing the growth of A. beshanzuensis seedlings, and should be considered as critical factors in their ex situ conservation.
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