全球变化背景下, 地下生态过程的变化已成为生态学领域关注的热点问题之一。菌根是植物根系与菌根真菌形成的共生体。作为与树木相关的两种菌根真菌, 丛枝菌根和外生菌根真菌广泛分布于陆地生态系统中, 且在形态和功能上存在显著差异。根系分泌物作为植物与土壤进行物质能量交换和信息传递的重要媒介, 在土壤碳动态变化中发挥着重要作用。不同菌根类型树种能够通过根系分泌物不断地调整有机质输入数量和化学组成来积极响应环境变化, 影响森林生态系统养分动态及循环过程。而目前对不同菌根类型树种根系分泌物的组成和功能、变化规律及对植物与土壤的影响机制尚未明确。为此, 该文围绕目前该领域国内外的前沿动态, 针对不同菌根类型树种的根系分泌物特征、影响机制及其根际效应进行了综述, 以期为不同菌根类型树种的根系分泌物对全球变化的响应和适应机制研究提供参考。此外, 还提出了未来需要深入研究的方向: (1)加强对不同菌根类型树种根系分泌物的系统性研究; (2)加强菌根类型与其他环境因子耦合对根系分泌物的影响机制研究; (3)利用更加精准的技术手段, 以全面深入地了解不同菌根类型树种根系分泌物特征的变化; (4)从植物生理和代谢角度深入揭示不同菌根类型树种根系分泌物的影响机理; (5)对不同菌根类型树种开展长期动态监测和模拟实验, 预测其根系分泌物对土壤生态过程的影响。

Changes in subsurface ecological processes in the context of global change have become one of the hot issues of concern in the field of ecology. Mycorrhiza are symbiotic relationships between plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi, widely distributed in terrestrial ecosystems. As two major types of mycorrhizal fungi related to trees, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi exhibit significant differences in morphology and function. Root exudates, as an important medium for exchange of matter, energy, and information between plants and soil, play a crucial role in soil carbon dynamics. The root exudates of tree species associated with different mycorrhizal types can actively respond to environmental changes by continuously adjusting their quantity and chemical composition, and influence the belowground carbon dynamics and cycling processes of forest ecosystems. Currently, the composition and function of root exudates from different types of mycorrhizal fungi, as well as the variation and impact on plant and soil, remain unclear. Therefore, the article combines current frontier dynamics in the field both domestically and internationally, and summarizes the root exudate characteristics, influencing mechanisms, and rhizosphere effects of tree species associated with different mycorrhizal types. This review is expected to provide references for further research on the response and adaptation mechanism of root systems and exudates to global changes. In addition, it also proposes directions for future research on root exudates among different types of mycorrhizal fungi that require further investigation: (1) strengthening systematic research on root exudates among different types of mycorrhizal fungi; (2) studying the influence mechanism of mycorrhizal type on root exudates in combination with other environmental factors; (3) using more precise technological means to comprehensively understand the changes in root exudate characteristics among different types of mycorrhizal fungi; (4) deeply revealing the influencing mechanism of root exudates among different types of mycorrhizal fungi from the perspective of plant physiology and metabolism; (5) conducting long-term dynamic monitoring and simulation experiments on different types of mycorrhizal fungi to predict their impact on soil ecological processes.