醉马草内生真菌共生体研究进展
收稿日期: 2018-01-02
网络出版日期: 2018-12-07
基金资助
国家重点基础研究发展规划“973”计划(2014CB138702);长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助(IRT_17R50);国家自然科学基金(30070546);中央高校基本科研业务费(lzujbky-2017-kb10);中央高校基本科研业务费(lzujbky-2018-kb10);111引智基地(B12002)
Advances in research of Achnatherum inebrians-Epichloë endophyte symbionts
Received date: 2018-01-02
Online published: 2018-12-07
Supported by
Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138702);the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China(IRT_17R50);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2017-kb10);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2018-kb10);the 111 Project(B12002);the Natural Science Foundation of China(31372366)
有关醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)内生真菌(Epichloë gansuensis, E. inebrians)共生体的研究, 代表了我国禾草内生真菌研究领域的重要方向, 使中国的醉马草-内生真菌与美国的苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)-内生真菌(E. coenophiana)和新西兰的多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)-内生真菌(E. festucae var. lolii)成为禾草内生真菌国际三大研究分支。该文综述了近30年来对醉马草内生真菌共生体的系统研究, 包括: 内生真菌的分布、带菌率、检测方法、多样性, 内生真菌提高宿主的抗旱、耐寒、耐盐碱、耐重金属、抗虫、抗病等抗逆性及其机理, 共生体产生的生物碱等次生代谢物, 对草食动物的毒性, 及其在草地生态系统中的作用等。研究者实验证实了醉马草本身无毒, 只有当内生真菌与醉马草共生并产生麦角新碱和麦角酰胺等麦角类生物碱后才能导致采食醉马草家畜中毒。文章展望了醉马草内生真菌基因组学和功能分析, 利用杀菌剂杀死内生真菌进行醉马草脱毒, 利用无毒内生真菌菌株进行饲用醉马草新品种选育, 利用有毒醉马草内生真菌共生体进行抗虫防鸟的机场绿化新品种选育及生物源农药与医药开发等。
李春杰, 姚祥, 南志标 . 醉马草内生真菌共生体研究进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018 , 42(8) : 793 -805 . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0001
Research on drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians)-endophytic fungi (Epichloë gansuensis, E. inebrians) represented an important area of endophyte research in China. Compared with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)-endophyte (E. coenophiala) in the United States and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-endophyte (E. festucae var. lolii) in New Zealand, A. inebrians-endophyte research in China is becoming a leading branch of endophyte research. The studies of A. inebrians-endophyte symbionts over the past three decades were reviewed, mainly including endophyte distribution, detection methods, infection rate, fungal diversity, stress tolerances of drought, cold, salt, heavy metal, pest, disease and their mechanisms, secondary metabolite of alkaloids, feeding experiments and its ecological functions etc. Research reveals that drunken horse grass itself has no toxicity, the grazed animals will be intoxicated if the grass bears infection by Epichloë endophytes and produces ergot alkaloids. Future research will focus on E. gansuensis and E. inebrians genomics and endophyte functions. In other research we will create new grass cultivars that are 1) sanitized of the endophyte and non-toxic, 2) utilizing novel endophytes that deter birds feeding and 3) utilizing endophytes that are modified to produce novel fungicides, pesticides or medicines.
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