长期放牧和氮添加对黄土高原典型草原长芒草种群生长的影响
收稿日期: 2023-03-29
录用日期: 2023-09-12
网络出版日期: 2023-09-12
基金资助
科技部对发展中国家科技援助项目(KY202002011);教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT-17R50)
Effects of long-term grazing and nitrogen addition on the growth of Stipa bungeana population in typical steppe of Loess Plateau
Received date: 2023-03-29
Accepted date: 2023-09-12
Online published: 2023-09-12
Supported by
National Program for S&T Collaboration of Developing Countries(KY202002011);Innovative Research Team Program of the Ministry of Education(IRT-17R50)
种群是草原生态系统结构、功能形成和发展的基础。然而, 长期放牧伴随着全球气候变化深刻影响着种群的生长和繁殖。长芒草(Stipa bungeana)是黄土高原典型草原的优势种, 具有较高的生态和经济价值。该研究依托黄土高原典型草原长期滩羊轮牧实验平台, 采用完全随机的裂区实验设计, 以放牧率(0、2.7、5.3、8.7 sheep·hm-2)作为主因子, 氮添加水平(0、5、10、20 g·m-2)作为副因子, 探究放牧、氮添加及其交互作用对长芒草的形态性状、地上生物量及其占群落生物量比例的作用。结果表明: 随放牧率的增加, 长芒草的株高、冠幅直径、分蘖密度、实生苗密度、地上生物量和生物量占比呈“单峰”曲线变化趋势, 种群密度降低。而氮添加增加长芒草的株高、冠幅直径、生殖枝密度、分蘖密度、地上生物量和生物量占比; 实生苗密度随氮添加的增加呈先增后减的趋势。相比氮添加, 放牧对长芒草地上生物量和生物量占比的总效应小, 放牧对地上生物量有直接的负效应, 并通过调控分蘖密度、种群密度及地上生物量影响其生物量占比; 氮添加不仅对地上生物量有直接的积极效应, 还通过株高、生殖枝密度对地上生物量有间接的正效应, 同时通过调控种群密度、冠幅直径、分蘖密度和生殖枝密度影响生物量占比。总体上, 氮添加增加长芒草的冠幅直径和生殖枝密度(相比株高和分蘖密度), 放牧增加实生苗密度(相比种群密度), 而放牧和氮添加的交互作用显著影响生殖枝密度。放牧率为4.10和5.29 sheep·hm-2时长芒草具有最大地上生物量及其群落占比。上述结果表明放牧和氮添加通过影响长芒草种群的形态特征来调控其地上生物量和群落地位。
黄玲 , 王榛 , 马泽 , 杨发林 , 李岚 , SEREKPAYEV Nurlan , NOGAYEV Adilbek , 侯扶江 . 长期放牧和氮添加对黄土高原典型草原长芒草种群生长的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024 , 48(3) : 317 -330 . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0086
Aims Populations are the basis for the formation and development of the structure and function of grassland ecosystems. However, long-term grazing and global climate change like nitrogen addition profoundly impact the growth and reproduction of populations, such as Stipa bungeana, a dominant species in typical steppe of the Loess Plateau that has a high ecological and economic value. This study investigated how grazing and nitrogen addition affect the growth of S. bungeana.
Methods The study was based on a long-term rotational sheep grazing experiment in the typical steppe of the Loess Plateau. A completely randomized split-plot experimental design was employed, with stocking rate (0, 2.7, 5.3, 8.7 sheep·hm-2) as the main factor and nitrogen addition levels (0, 5, 10, 20 g·m-2) as the secondary factor. Morphological traits, aboveground biomass, the proportion of population biomass to total community aboveground biomass (PPB) and the relationship between them in S. bungeana were examined to investigate the effects of stocking rate, nitrogen addition and their interaction.
Important findings As the stocking rate increased, the plant height, canopy diameter, tiller density, seedlings, aboveground biomass, and PPB all followed a “single peak” curve trend, while the population density decreased. Nitrogen addition increased the plant height, canopy diameter, reproductive branch density, tiller density, aboveground biomass and PPB, while density of seedlings initially increased and then decreased as the nitrogen addition levels rose. The total effect of grazing on population aboveground biomass and the PPB was small compared with that of nitrogen addition. Specifically, grazing had a direct negative effect on aboveground biomass and affected PPB by regulating tiller density, population density and aboveground biomass. Nitrogen addition had a positive effect on aboveground biomass, both directly and indirectly through increasing plant height, reproductive branch density. It also impacted the PPB through regulating population density, canopy diameter, tiller density, and reproductive branch density. Overall, nitrogen addition increased canopy diameter and reproductive branch density and grazing increased density of seedings. The interaction of grazing and nitrogen addition significantly affected reproductive branch density. Stipa bungeana had maximum aboveground biomass or community status at a stocking rate of 4.10 or 5.29 sheep·hm-2. These results indicated that grazing and nitrogen addition regulated the aboveground biomass and community status of S. bungeana through affecting its morphological characteristics, providing a basis for the scientific management and sustainable development of grassland populations.
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