大兴安岭北部次生林演替过程中物种多样性的变化及其影响因子
收稿日期: 2023-09-04
录用日期: 2023-11-27
网络出版日期: 2023-11-27
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2200405)
Changes in species diversity and influencing factors in secondary forest succession in northern Da Hinggan Mountains
Received date: 2023-09-04
Accepted date: 2023-11-27
Online published: 2023-11-27
Supported by
National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2200405)
物种多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分。森林演替过程中物种多样性的变化会直接影响生态系统功能和稳定性。因此, 揭示森林演替过程中物种多样性变化及其与影响因子之间的关系, 对于准确预测森林生态过程和生物多样性格局具有重要意义。该研究选择大兴安岭北部白桦(Betula platyphylla)林(演替前期)、白桦-兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)混交林(演替中期)和兴安落叶松林(演替后期)为研究对象, 采用空间代替时间的研究方法, 分析我国寒温带地区森林演替过程中物种多样性的变化规律及其与影响因子之间的关系。结果表明: (1)大兴安岭北部森林演替过程中物种丰富度和多样性呈显著增加趋势, 演替初期Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为2.42和2.69, 演替末期则分别为5.90和3.43; 而物种Pielou均匀度指数无显著差异。(2)随森林演替的进行, 植物群落的相似性逐渐降低, 差异性逐渐增强, Jaccard指数、Sorenson指数和Bray-Curtis指数均减小。(3)森林演替过程中土壤pH、有机质含量、全氮含量和全磷含量对物种多样性存在显著影响, 其中全氮含量和全磷含量是演替前期和中期物种多样性的主要影响因子, 土壤pH和有机质含量是影响演替后期物种多样性的主要因子。(4)随着演替的进行, 林分空间结构对物种多样性的影响逐渐增强, 角尺度和大小比数是影响物种多样性的主要空间结构因子。以上结果表明大兴安岭北部森林演替过程中土壤因子对物种多样性具有主导作用, 而林分空间结构对森林演替过程中物种多样性的驱动作用也不容忽视。
牛一迪 , 蔡体久 . 大兴安岭北部次生林演替过程中物种多样性的变化及其影响因子[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024 , 48(3) : 349 -363 . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0254
Aims Species diversity is a crucial component of biodiversity, directly affect ecosystem function and stability during forest succession. Therefore, it is of significant importance to investigate the changes in species diversity and their influencing factors during forest succession for accurately predicting forest ecological processes and biodiversity patterns.
Methods The study focused on three successional stages in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains: Betula platyphylla forest in the early stage, Betula platyphylla - Larix gmelinii mixed forest in the middle stage and Larix gmeliniiforest in the late stage. The study employed a space-for-time substitution to analyze the changes in species diversity during forest succession and explore the relationship between species diversity and environmental factors in cold temperate zone of China.
Important findings The results demonstrated that: (1) Species richness and diversity significantly increased during forest succession. The Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener index were 2.42 and 2.69 in the early stage of succession, and 5.90 and 3.43 in the late stage of succession. However, Pielou evenness index showed no significant difference. (2) As succession proceeded, the dissimilarity between plant communities gradually increased, indicated by the increased Jaccard, Sorenson and Bray-Curtis indices. (3) Soil pH, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, and total phosphorus content significantly influence species diversity during succession. Specifically, total nitrogen content and total phosphorus content were the primary factors affecting species diversity in the early and middle stages of succession, while soil pH and soil organic matter content were the dominate factors influencing species diversity in the late stage. (4) The influence of stand spatial structure on species diversity also increased over succession, where angular scale and size ratio emerge as the main spatial structure factors. These results underscore the dominant role of soil factors in shaping species diversity during forest succession in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains, while the influence of stand spatial structure on species diversity in the process of forest succession should not be overlooked.
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