植物生态学报 >

2025 , Vol. 49 >Issue 7: 1070 - 1081

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0100

研究论文

连续干旱对蒙古高原草地恢复力和抵抗力的影响

  • 王尧 ,
  • 王耀彬 ,
  • 陈子彦 ,
  • 伊如汉 ,
  • 白永飞 ,
  • 赵玉金 ,
  • 金晶炜
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  • 1西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
    2中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093
    3正蓝旗草原工作站, 内蒙古锡林浩特 027200
ORCID:王尧: 0009-0003-3362-3327
*赵玉金, E-mail: zhaoyj@ibcas.ac.cn;
金晶炜, E-mail: jinjingweisoil2008@gmail.com

收稿日期: 2024-04-07

  录用日期: 2024-05-27

  网络出版日期: 2024-10-11

基金资助

国家草业技术创新中心(筹)重大创新平台建设专项(CCPTZX2023B02-1);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0011-04)

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Effect of consecutive drought on the resilience and resistance of the grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau

  • WANG Yao ,
  • WANG Yao-Bin ,
  • CHEN Zi-Yan ,
  • YI Ru-Han ,
  • BAI Yong-Fei ,
  • ZHAO Yu-Jin ,
  • JIN Jing-Wei
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  • 1College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
    2Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinses Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
    3Zhenglan Banner Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xilinhot, Nei Mongol 027200, China

Received date: 2024-04-07

  Accepted date: 2024-05-27

  Online published: 2024-10-11

Supported by

National Center of Pratacultural Technology Innovation (under preparation) Special Fund for Innovation Platform Construction(CCPTZX2023B02-1);Key Science & Technology Special Program of Inner Mongolia(2021ZD0011-04)

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摘要

蒙古高原草原生态系统是欧亚草原的核心组成部分, 是中国北方的重要生态安全屏障。长期以来, 气候变化导致蒙古高原干旱事件发生的强度、频度和持续时间显著增加, 对草原生态系统初级生产力和稳定性产生了重要影响。目前, 很少有研究探索蒙古高原不同草原类型的恢复力和抵抗力对连续干旱的响应。该研究基于2000-2020年标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)和净初级生产力(NPP)长时间序列数据, 量化了蒙古高原草原生态系统在连续干旱(1-4年)下的抵抗力和恢复力及其时空变化, 比较了草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原的抵抗力和恢复力对极端干旱和中度干旱响应的差异。结果表明: (1)除连续2年干旱外, 中度干旱下草地的抵抗力普遍高于极端干旱, 但草原对极端干旱的恢复能力更强。(2)随着连续干旱年份增加, 极端干旱和中度干旱下草地抵抗力都表现出下降趋势; 但随着连续干旱年份增加, 极端干旱下草地恢复力逐渐增强, 而在中度干旱下草地恢复力却有减小的趋势。(3)沿降水量递减的空间梯度, 草甸草原的抵抗力最高, 典型草原次之, 荒漠草原的抵抗力最低; 相反，荒漠草原的恢复力最高, 草甸草原的恢复力最低。(4)沿时间尺度, 2011-2020年草原抵抗力高于2001-2010年, 恢复力则与之相反; 随着连续干旱年份的增加, 3种草原类型在2000-2010和2011-2020年抵抗力均有下降趋势, 但草原恢复力呈先增加(2000-2010年)后降低(2011-2020年)的趋势。该研究对于深入理解气候变化对蒙古高原草原生态系统结构、功能和服务的影响机制, 促进区域生态安全和可持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词： 蒙古高原; 草地生态系统; 干旱; 抵抗力; 恢复力

本文引用格式

王尧 , 王耀彬 , 陈子彦 , 伊如汉 , 白永飞 , 赵玉金 , 金晶炜 . 连续干旱对蒙古高原草地恢复力和抵抗力的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025 , 49(7) : 1070 -1081 . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0100

Abstract

Aims The grasslands of Mongolian Plateau are the core of the Eurasian grassland ecosystem and serve as an important ecological barrier in northern China. Climate change has significantly increased the intensity, frequency, and duration of drought events across the Mongolian Plateau. Therefore, assessing the resistance and resilience of the Mongolian Plateau grasslands quantitatively helps deepen our understanding of their responses to climatic anomalies. However, few studies have explored how different grassland types on the Mongolian Plateau withstand consecutive droughts.
Methods In this study, we used long-term series data from 2000 to 2020 on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and net primary productivity (NPP) to quantify the resistance and resilience of the Mongolian Plateau grassland ecosystem to consecutive droughts (1-4 a) and analyze its spatiotemporal variations. Furthermore, we compared the responses of three main types of grasslands (meadow steppe, typical steppe, and desert steppe) to extreme and moderate droughts.
Important findings Our results show that: (1) Grasslands generally exhibit higher resistance under moderate drought compared to extreme drought, except during two consecutive drought years. However, they are more resilient to extreme drought. (2) As the number of consecutive drought years increases, the resistance declines for both extreme and moderate droughts, while resilience initially increases under extreme drought but decreases under moderate drought. (3) Along the spatial gradient of decreasing precipitation, meadow steppe exhibits the highest resistance, followed by typical steppe, while desert steppe shows the lowest resistance. In contrast, desert steppe demonstrates the highest resilience, whereas meadow steppe has the lowest resilience. (4) Over time, the resistance of grasslands was higher from 2011-2020 compared to 2001-2010, while resilience was lower in the later period. As consecutive drought years increase, the resistance for all types of grasslands declines in both periods (2000-2010 and 2011-2020), while resilience initially increases (2000-2010) and then decreases (2011-2020). These insights are crucial for maintaining the Mongolian Plateau’s ecological barrier, ensuring its ecological services, and supporting both regional and global ecological security and sustainable development.

Key words： Mongolian Plateau; grassland ecosystem; drought; resistance; resilience

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