Responses of the competition between Alternanthera philoxeroides and Sambucus chinensis to simulated warming
BAN Zhi-Hua, WANG Qiong*,
College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), Nanchong, Sichuan 637002, China
Research on how competition between invasive and native plants responds to simulated warming can provide insights into the trends and mechanisms of plant invasion, and profoundly helps to screen ecological substitutes under future climates. Our objective was to explore the effects of simulated warming on competition between an invasive species Alternanthera philoxeroides and a native plant Sambucus chinensis.
Methods
An experiment was conducted from May to December 2013 with the same five competition scenarios being arranged for under both warming and non-warming environments. Simulated warming was created by using infrared heater. Competition scenarios included non-competition (one plant per pot), intraspecific competition (two plants of the same species per pot) and interspecific competition (one plant for each species per pot). Biomass and root morphological variables were investigated of the plants under different warming and competition treatments.
Important findings
(1) The average air temperature of the simulated warming environment was 0.47 °C higher than that of the non-warming environment, but the relative air humidity was decreased by 1.87% by the simulated warming. (2) Compared with the non-competition scenario, the values of all variables in A. philoxeroides under interspecific competition were significantly lower except the root/shoot ratio, which had no significant difference between the non-competition and interspecific competition scenarios. Root/shoot ratio, the biomass ratio of fine root to total root, relative root length and relative root surface area in S. chinensis did not show significant differences among the three competition scenarios; whereas other variables in S. chinensis decreased significantly following a pattern of non-competition > interspecific competition > intraspecific competition. (3) The effect of warming was not significant under any of the three competition scenarios in A. philoxeroides, but it varied with competition scenarios in S. chinensis. The warming treatment significantly decreased the total biomass and root biomass in S. chinensis under non-competition and interspecific competition scenarios, but it increased the values of the two variables in S. chinensis under the intraspecific competition scenario. (4) The relative crowding coefficient for S. chinensis decreased with warming, reflecting the sensitivity of the species to warming; whereas A. philoxeroides had some adaptability to warming. Therefore, S. chinensis can be a potential ecological substitute for A. philoxeroides under moderate shade in terrestrial habitat.
BANZhi-Hua, WANGQiong. Responses of the competition between Alternanthera philoxeroides and Sambucus chinensis to simulated warming. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(1): 43-51 https://doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0005
本实验地点位于四川省南充市西华师范大学生命科学学院试验基地(106.02° E, 30.23° N, 海拔276 m)。该地区属亚热带湿润型季风气候, 年日照时数1354.7 h, 年平均气温17.6 ℃, 年降水量1054.5 mm, 年蒸发量650-670 mm, 全年无霜期达301天。土壤为红棕色紫泥土, 胶体品质差, 土壤肥力不高(江贤盛和兰瑞成, 1993)。
图2 喜旱莲子草在不同增温和竞争条件下各指标值(平均值±标准误差)。C0, 无竞争; C1, 种内竞争; C2, 种间竞争。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。C, 竞争效应; W, 增温效应; W × C, 增温与竞争交互效应。NS, 没有显著差异; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; W × C: -, 该组数据进行非参数检验。
Fig. 2 Variables of Alternanthera philoxeroides under different warming and competition treatments (mean ± SE). C0, non-competition; C1, intraspecific competition; C2, interspecific competition. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05). C, competition effect; W, warming effect; W × C, interactive effect of warming and competition. NS, no significant difference; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; W × C: -, the data in the group have been tested by Kruskal-Wallis H (K).
Fig. 3 Variables of Sambucus chinensis under different warming and competition treatments (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05); C0, C1, C2, C, W, W × C, NS, *, **, ***, W × C: -, see Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 Relative crowding coefficient for Alternanthera philoxeroides and Sambucus chinensis under different warming treatments. A, Total biomass. B, Root surface area.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2013). Contribution of working group 1 to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. In: Stocker TF, Qin DH, Plattner GK, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM eds. Climate Change in 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
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... 本实验地点位于四川省南充市西华师范大学生命科学学院试验基地(106.02° E, 30.23° N, 海拔276 m).该地区属亚热带湿润型季风气候, 年日照时数1354.7 h, 年平均气温17.6 ℃, 年降水量1054.5 mm, 年蒸发量650-670 mm, 全年无霜期达301天.土壤为红棕色紫泥土, 胶体品质差, 土壤肥力不高(江贤盛和兰瑞成, 1993). ...
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