Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (11): 959-968.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0180
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WANG Jing-Xu,HUANG Hua-Guo(),LIN Qi-Nan,WANG Bing,HUANG Kan
Received:
2019-07-15
Accepted:
2019-10-29
Online:
2019-11-20
Published:
2020-03-26
Contact:
HUANG Hua-Guo
Supported by:
WANG Jing-Xu, HUANG Hua-Guo, LIN Qi-Nan, WANG Bing, HUANG Kan. Shoot beetle damage to Pinus yunnanensis monitored by infrared thermal imaging at needle scale[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(11): 959-968.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0180
参数 Parameter | 平均值 Mean | 标准偏差 SD | 最大值 Max | 最小值 Min | 变化范围 Range | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HP | DP | HP | DP | HP | DP | HP | DP | HP | DP | |
冠幅 Crown diameter (m) | 2.5 | 2.3 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 4.8 |
树高 Stand average height (m) | 4.68 | 5.07 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 11 |
林冠郁闭度 Canopy closure (%) | 28 | 32 | 8.9 | 6.8 | 42 | 44 | 15 | 20 | 27 | 24 |
立木度 Stem density (hm-2) | 990 | 1 342 | 404 | 556 | 2 022 | 2 644 | 500 | 556 | 1 522 | 2 088 |
叶面积指数 Leaf area index (m2·m-2) | 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 1.86 | 1.61 | 0.43 | 0.37 | 1.43 | 1.24 |
Table 1 Statistics for the forest structural parameters of plots (n = 34)
参数 Parameter | 平均值 Mean | 标准偏差 SD | 最大值 Max | 最小值 Min | 变化范围 Range | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HP | DP | HP | DP | HP | DP | HP | DP | HP | DP | |
冠幅 Crown diameter (m) | 2.5 | 2.3 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 4.8 |
树高 Stand average height (m) | 4.68 | 5.07 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 11 |
林冠郁闭度 Canopy closure (%) | 28 | 32 | 8.9 | 6.8 | 42 | 44 | 15 | 20 | 27 | 24 |
立木度 Stem density (hm-2) | 990 | 1 342 | 404 | 556 | 2 022 | 2 644 | 500 | 556 | 1 522 | 2 088 |
叶面积指数 Leaf area index (m2·m-2) | 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 1.86 | 1.61 | 0.43 | 0.37 | 1.43 | 1.24 |
Fig. 2 Utilizing FLIR Tools to extract the temperature of the needles of Pinus yunnanensis. A, Visible image to show heavily- infested and healthy shoots. B, Thermal infrared image to show heavily-infested and healthy shoots. C, Visible image to show lightly-infested and healthy shoots. D, Thermal infrared image to show lightly-infested and healthy shoots.
测量参数 Measured parameter | 缩写 Abbreviation | 测量方法 Measured method | 测量间隔时间 Measured interval times | 用途 Purpose |
---|---|---|---|---|
光谱反射率 Spectral reflectance | Ref | 光谱仪联合互补观测AvaSpec-EDU-VIS和AvaSpec-NIR1.7 | 7 d | 评估光谱对受害程度的响应 Assess the spectral response to the damaged degrees |
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content of leaf | CCL | CCM-300 | 7 d | 解释光谱变化并划分不同受害阶段 Interpret spectral changes and divide into the damaged stages |
叶片含水量 Water content of leaf | WCL | 烘干 Oven drying | 7 d | 分析不同受害阶段叶片含水量与叶片温度的关系 Analyze the relationship between leaf water content and leaf temperature at different damaged stages |
叶片温度 Leaf temperature | Tleaf | FLIR T420 | 1 h | 分析不同受害阶段叶片温度日变化 Analyze diurnal changes of leaf temperature at different damaged stages |
气孔导度 Stomata conductance | Gs | LI-6400 | 2 h | 解释不同受害阶段叶片温度的变化 Explain leaf temperature changes at different damaged stages |
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate | Pn | |||
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate | Tr | |||
叶片与大气温差 Temperature difference between leaf and atmosphere | ΔTl-a |
Table 2 Parameters, instruments, measurement intervals of the observation and their purposes
测量参数 Measured parameter | 缩写 Abbreviation | 测量方法 Measured method | 测量间隔时间 Measured interval times | 用途 Purpose |
---|---|---|---|---|
光谱反射率 Spectral reflectance | Ref | 光谱仪联合互补观测AvaSpec-EDU-VIS和AvaSpec-NIR1.7 | 7 d | 评估光谱对受害程度的响应 Assess the spectral response to the damaged degrees |
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content of leaf | CCL | CCM-300 | 7 d | 解释光谱变化并划分不同受害阶段 Interpret spectral changes and divide into the damaged stages |
叶片含水量 Water content of leaf | WCL | 烘干 Oven drying | 7 d | 分析不同受害阶段叶片含水量与叶片温度的关系 Analyze the relationship between leaf water content and leaf temperature at different damaged stages |
叶片温度 Leaf temperature | Tleaf | FLIR T420 | 1 h | 分析不同受害阶段叶片温度日变化 Analyze diurnal changes of leaf temperature at different damaged stages |
气孔导度 Stomata conductance | Gs | LI-6400 | 2 h | 解释不同受害阶段叶片温度的变化 Explain leaf temperature changes at different damaged stages |
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate | Pn | |||
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate | Tr | |||
叶片与大气温差 Temperature difference between leaf and atmosphere | ΔTl-a |
Fig. 6 Correlation of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) with leaf chlorophyll content (CCL) and the correlation of normalized difference water index (NDWI) and leaf water content (WCL) of Pinus yunnanensis. Error bar indicates standard deviation.
Fig. 7 Daily changes of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomata conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and temperature differences between leaf and atmosphere (ΔTl-a) of damaged needles of Pinus yunnanensis at different stages.
Fig. 8 The diurnal changes of temperature differences between damaged shoots and healthy shoots (ΔT) of damaged needles of Pinus yunnanensis at different stages.
Fig. 9 Correlation analysis between temperature difference (ΔT) and stomata conductance, and water content of damaged needles at different stages in Pinus yunnanensis. Error bar indicates standard deviation.
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