Abstract: The Nanshan Mountain is the largest pasture in southern China, with a total area of 138,345mu (9,223 ha). According to the principle of ecology physiognomy, its vegetation can be divided into 10 main types. They are evergreen needleleaf forest; mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest; deciduous broadleaf forest; bush-wood; bamboo thicket; grassland, swampland; cropland; economic forest and fruit trees. The natural vegetation belongs to mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest or deciduous broadleaf and low montane forest. The present grassland was created by forest fires and felling of forest communities, i.e., unstable secondary vegetation.It follows that in the exploitation and utilization of nature resources on the Nanshan,forestry should play an important role and graziery should be combined with forestry. On slopes of over 35 degrees, forestry must be developed, and on those of 25–34 degrees consideration must be given to both forestry and pasturage, while on those under 24 degrees pasturage may be developed and all kinds of shelter-forest must be planted.