Abstract: Based on the suitabilities of Poacynum hendersonii to the soils, which were formed by the combined effect of different topographic positions, soil salinity, the depth of groundwater level and other ecological factors, the present authors differentiate the soils in the Tarim Basin with stands of P. hendersonii communities into five soil habitat types: meadow soil in flood land, saline soil with high groundwater level, saline soil with middle groundwater level, saline soil with low groundwater level, and desertification desert forest soil in the light of plant appearance, plant growth, chemical composition and other characteristics of the P. hendersonii grown on such soils, and suggest that we should use and protect properly this natural plant resource depending on the different soil habitat types.