生物柴油利用概况及其在中国的发展思路

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石化燃料是当前人类使用的主要能源,但其日益消耗殆尽,同时造成了严重的温室效应和环境污染问题,因此,生物柴油被当作石化燃料的绿色替代品,许多国家都在大力研发。该文阐述了生物柴油的本质及其较石化柴油咱使用上的优良特性,综述了生物柴油主要在欧美国家中的发展现状及其它国家的研发动态,特别是以大豆(Glycine max)和油菜(Brassica campestris)等油料作物为主的生物柴油原料生产状况。在分析了我国油料生产与食用消费现状、受国际生物柴油大力发展的影响的程度及油料作物与粮食生产对耕地资源的激烈竞争矛盾的基础上,提出了充分利用盐碱地、贫瘠、荒漠与退耕还林地,通过种植抗逆性强的油料植物发展我国生物柴油的思路。

关键词: 能源, 生物柴油

Abstract:

The stocks of fossil fuels, currently the major energy source driving the global socioeconomy, is being heavily depleted due to increasing anthropogenic activities worldwide, and its burning contributes to global climate warming and air pollution. In contrast, biodiesel is an alternative non_toxic, biodegradable, and renewable alternative energy source. This paper discusses the essence, properties and the development of biodiesel fuels, mainly in European countries; discusses the international supply and demand of soybean and rapeseed, the main biodiesel feedstock; and analyzes the production and consumption of edible plant oils in China and its balance as it is affected by international biodiesel development. Considering that domestic foodstuffs and plant oil production currently are insufficient to feed the 1.3 billion people in China due to limited agricultural lands, ultimately ways are needed to grow biodiesel feedstock on unproductive agricultural lands, such as saline_alkaline lands, poor soil, desertified soils, and plough_withdrawn land.

Key words: Energy source, Biodiesel

贾虎森, 许亦农. 生物柴油利用概况及其在中国的发展思路. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(2): 221-230. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0031

JIA Hu_Sen, XU Yi_Nong. WORLD BIODIESEL UTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(2): 221-230. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0031

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0031

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2006/V30/I2/221

图/表 5

参考文献 47

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特性Properties	生物柴油Biodiesel	石化柴油 Diesel fuel
冷滤点(CFPP)夏季产品 Cold filter plugging point (Summer) (℃)	-10	0
冷滤点(CFPP)冬季产品 Cold filter plugging point (Winter) (℃)	-20	-20
20 ℃的密度 Density at 20℃ (g·ml^-1)	0.88	0.83
40 ℃动力粘度 Kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ (mm²·s^-1)	4~6	2~4
闭口闪点 Flash point (closed cup) (℃)	>100	60
十六烷点 Cetane No.	≥56	≥49
热值 Calorific value (MJ·L^-1)	32	35
燃烧功效(柴油=100%) Combustion efficacy!(diesel fuel=100%) (%)	104	100
硫含量(质量分数) Sulfur content (Mass fsaction) (%)	<0.001	<0.2
氧含量(体积分数) Oxygen content (Volume fraction) (%)	10	0
燃烧1 kg燃料按化学计算法的最小空气耗量 Minimal oxygen consumption of 1 kg fuel (kg)	12.5	14.5
水危害等级 Water hazard class	1	2

特性Properties	生物柴油Biodiesel	石化柴油 Diesel fuel
冷滤点(CFPP)夏季产品 Cold filter plugging point (Summer) (℃)	-10	0
冷滤点(CFPP)冬季产品 Cold filter plugging point (Winter) (℃)	-20	-20
20 ℃的密度 Density at 20℃ (g·ml^-1)	0.88	0.83
40 ℃动力粘度 Kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ (mm²·s^-1)	4~6	2~4
闭口闪点 Flash point (closed cup) (℃)	>100	60
十六烷点 Cetane No.	≥56	≥49
热值 Calorific value (MJ·L^-1)	32	35
燃烧功效(柴油=100%) Combustion efficacy!(diesel fuel=100%) (%)	104	100
硫含量(质量分数) Sulfur content (Mass fsaction) (%)	<0.001	<0.2
氧含量(体积分数) Oxygen content (Volume fraction) (%)	10	0
燃烧1 kg燃料按化学计算法的最小空气耗量 Minimal oxygen consumption of 1 kg fuel (kg)	12.5	14.5
水危害等级 Water hazard class	1	2

国家 Nation	2003年产量(×10⁷ kg) 2003 production (×10⁷ kg)	2004年产量(×10⁷ kg) 2004 production (×10⁷ kg)	增长率(%) Increase rate (%)
德国 Germany	71.5	108.8	52.3
法国 France	35.7	50.2	40.6
意大利 Italy	27.3	41.9	53.5
奥地利 Austria	3.2	10	212.5
西班牙 Spain	0.6	7	1 066.7
丹麦 Danmark	4.1	8.4	104.9
英国Great Britain	0.9	1.5	66.7
瑞典 Sweden	0.1	0.8	700

国家 Nation	2003年产量(×10⁷ kg) 2003 production (×10⁷ kg)	2004年产量(×10⁷ kg) 2004 production (×10⁷ kg)	增长率(%) Increase rate (%)
德国 Germany	71.5	108.8	52.3
法国 France	35.7	50.2	40.6
意大利 Italy	27.3	41.9	53.5
奥地利 Austria	3.2	10	212.5
西班牙 Spain	0.6	7	1 066.7
丹麦 Danmark	4.1	8.4	104.9
英国Great Britain	0.9	1.5	66.7
瑞典 Sweden	0.1	0.8	700

粮食净进口量 Net foodstuff importation	年 Year
粮食净进口量 Net foodstuff importation	2003	2004
合计 Total	-44	2 412
谷物 Corns	-1 987	502
小麦 Wheat	45	726
稻谷 Rica	-236	-14
玉米 Maize	-1 640	-232
大麦 Barley	136	171
豆类 Beans	1 943	1 910
大豆 Soybean	2 047	1 990
杂豆 Other beans	-104	-80