植物生态学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 695-710.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0090
Jonathan M. Frantz1(), Nilton N. Cometti2, Marc W. van Iersel3, Bruce Bugbee4
收稿日期:
2007-02-12
接受日期:
2007-03-03
出版日期:
2007-02-12
发布日期:
2007-07-30
作者简介:
E-mail: jonathan.frantz@ars.usda.gov
Jonathan M. Frantz1(), Nilton N. Cometti2, Marc W. van Iersel3, Bruce Bugbee4
Received:
2007-02-12
Accepted:
2007-03-03
Online:
2007-02-12
Published:
2007-07-30
Supported by:
Jonathan M. Frantz, Nilton N. Cometti, Marc W. van Iersel, Bruce Bugbee. RETHINKING ACCLIMATION OF GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION OF TOMATO IN ELEVATED CO2: EFFECTS OF A SUDDEN CHANGE IN LIGHT AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(4): 695-710. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0090
Jonathan M. Frantz, Nilton N. Cometti, Marc W. van Iersel, Bruce Bugbee. RETHINKING ACCLIMATION OF GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION OF TOMATO IN ELEVATED CO2: EFFECTS OF A SUDDEN CHANGE IN LIGHT AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(4): 695-710. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0090
Fig.1 The ten-chamber gas-exchange system There are five chambers on each side, each chamber has independent temperature control and a separate hydroponic system. The chambers are housed inside a walk-in growth chamber illuminated by water-filtered high pressure sodium lamps. Reflective Mylar was wrapped around each chamber and raised as the canopy grew to minimize side-lighting
Fig.3 Daily carbon gain (A and D), cumulative carbon gain (B and E) and relative growth rates (C and F) before and after light treatments were started Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was changed from 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 on day 19 for the 30 ℃ canopies and on day 27 for the 20 ℃ treatment to 80, 300, or 600 μmol·m-2·s-1. Open symbols are for 30 ℃ treatment and closed symbols indicate 20 ℃ treatment. Circles are 600 μmol·m-2·s-1, squares are for 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, and inverted triangles represent 80 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD treatments. Error bars represent the standard deviation
Fig.4 Average canopy quantum yields (CQY) for 20 days after different light treatments were imposed at 30 ℃ or 20 ℃ growth temperatures There were significant differences in CQY at the different light and temperature treatments, as well as a significant interaction between photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and growth temperature (p<0.000 1). Error bars represent ±1 standard deviation
PPFD (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 20 ℃ | 30 ℃ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoot | Root | Fruit | Shoot | Root | Fruit | |||
80 | 271.6 ± 34.5 | 42.3 ± 8.3 | 5.0 ± 2.9 | 210.2 ± 15.3 | 25.9 ± 2.6 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | ||
300 | 598.1 | 73.2 | 0.9 | 549.9 | 59.3 | 10.4 | ||
600 | 799.1 ± 13.8 | 121.3 ± 1.3 | 36.2 ± 24.7 | 785.7 ± 3.6 | 85.7 ± 1.2 | 38.3 ± 9.2 |
Table 1 Average yield (g·m-2) of tomato leaf, stem, root, and fruit in the different treatments. Standard deviation is shown after averages for 80 and 600 μmol·m-2·s-1 light treatments (n=2 for those photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) treatments; n=1 for 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD treatment)
PPFD (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 20 ℃ | 30 ℃ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoot | Root | Fruit | Shoot | Root | Fruit | |||
80 | 271.6 ± 34.5 | 42.3 ± 8.3 | 5.0 ± 2.9 | 210.2 ± 15.3 | 25.9 ± 2.6 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | ||
300 | 598.1 | 73.2 | 0.9 | 549.9 | 59.3 | 10.4 | ||
600 | 799.1 ± 13.8 | 121.3 ± 1.3 | 36.2 ± 24.7 | 785.7 ± 3.6 | 85.7 ± 1.2 | 38.3 ± 9.2 |
Fig.5 Correlation between predicted and actual final mass in each gas exchange chamberThe predicted value was determined by using the cumulative carbon gain (mol C·m-2) multiplied by the molecular weight of carbon (12 g·mol-1) divided by the average carbon fraction for each chamber (determined by C-H-N analysis; see Materials and Methods). Dotted line indicates the ideal 1:1 correlation and solid line indicates the regression line
Fig.6 Carbon use efficiency (CUE, mol C respired·mol-1 C in plant) before and after photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) change with plants grown at both 30 ℃ (A) and 20 ℃ (B)
Fig.7 Change in carbon use efficiency (CUE) over time after increasing the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) to 600 μmol·m-2·s-1 (A) or decreasing the PPFD to 80 μmol·m-2·s-1 (B)
Fig.8 Plots of relative growth rate (RGR) versus specific respiration, pooled for each photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and temperature combination. (A) 30 ℃ treatment; (B) 20 ℃ treatment
Fig.9 Growth (A) and maintenance (B) respiration coefficients for tomato plants grown at different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) and temperatures
PPFD (μmol·m-2·s-1) | Leaf | Stem | Root | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
80 | 300 | 600 | 80 | 300 | 600 | 80 | 300 | 600 | |||
20 ℃ | |||||||||||
Carbon | 319c*# | 365b*# | 375b*# | 327b | 360ab | 388a | 354b* | 391a* | 395a* | ||
Nitrogen | 66a# | 45bc# | 35c# | 36 | 32 | 23 | 42b* | 44ab* | 41b* | ||
${NO_{3}}^{-}$ | 27a | 13ab | 8b | 25a# | 14ab# | 6b# | 19a*# | 15a*# | 8b*# | ||
Reduced N | 39ab | 32ab | 27b | 14 | 18 | 17 | 23d*# | 29b*# | 33a*# | ||
30 ℃ | |||||||||||
Carbon | 382b*# | 365b*# | 403a*# | 342ab | 351ab | 385a | 353b* | 365ab* | 385a* | ||
Nitrogen | 60a# | 52ab# | 44bc# | 34 | 34 | 29 | 45ab* | 47a* | 43ab* | ||
N | 19ab | 16ab | 9b | 20ab# | 21ab# | 13ab# | 19a*# | 19a*# | 15a*# | ||
Reduced N | 41a | 37ab | 34ab | 14 | 14 | 16 | 26c*# | 27bc*# | 28b*# |
Table 2 Average carbon, nitrogen, ${NO_{3}}^{-}$, and reduced N concentrations (g·kg-1) in the different photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and temperature treatments in leaf, stem, and root tissue
PPFD (μmol·m-2·s-1) | Leaf | Stem | Root | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
80 | 300 | 600 | 80 | 300 | 600 | 80 | 300 | 600 | |||
20 ℃ | |||||||||||
Carbon | 319c*# | 365b*# | 375b*# | 327b | 360ab | 388a | 354b* | 391a* | 395a* | ||
Nitrogen | 66a# | 45bc# | 35c# | 36 | 32 | 23 | 42b* | 44ab* | 41b* | ||
${NO_{3}}^{-}$ | 27a | 13ab | 8b | 25a# | 14ab# | 6b# | 19a*# | 15a*# | 8b*# | ||
Reduced N | 39ab | 32ab | 27b | 14 | 18 | 17 | 23d*# | 29b*# | 33a*# | ||
30 ℃ | |||||||||||
Carbon | 382b*# | 365b*# | 403a*# | 342ab | 351ab | 385a | 353b* | 365ab* | 385a* | ||
Nitrogen | 60a# | 52ab# | 44bc# | 34 | 34 | 29 | 45ab* | 47a* | 43ab* | ||
N | 19ab | 16ab | 9b | 20ab# | 21ab# | 13ab# | 19a*# | 19a*# | 15a*# | ||
Reduced N | 41a | 37ab | 34ab | 14 | 14 | 16 | 26c*# | 27bc*# | 28b*# |
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