早春首次降雨时间及降雨量对古尔班通古特沙漠两种短命植物形态特征与叶绿素荧光的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0385

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 428-439.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0385

所属专题：光合作用

早春首次降雨时间及降雨量对古尔班通古特沙漠两种短命植物形态特征与叶绿素荧光的影响

张玉林¹^,², 尹本丰¹, 陶冶¹, 李永刚¹, 周晓兵¹^,^*(), 张元明¹^,^*()

¹中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-11-23 接受日期:2021-11-24 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2021-12-13
通讯作者: 周晓兵,张元明
作者简介:*(Zhou XB, zhouxb@ms.xjb.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41977099);新疆创新环境项目(2018Q009);新疆创新环境项目(2021D01E03);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(Y201976)

Effects of the first rainfall timing and amount on morphological characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of two ephemeral species in the Gurbantünggüt Desert, northwestern China

ZHANG Yu-Lin¹^,², YIN Ben-Feng¹, TAO Ye¹, LI Yong-Gang¹, ZHOU Xiao-Bing¹^,^*(), ZHANG Yuan-Ming¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-11-23 Accepted:2021-11-24 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2021-12-13
Contact: ZHOU Xiao-Bing,ZHANG Yuan-Ming
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977099);Xinjiang Innovation Environment Project(2018Q009);Xinjiang Innovation Environment Project(2021D01E03);Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y201976)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

早春降雨事件是影响荒漠短命植物生长的重要因子, 为了解古尔班通古特沙漠积雪完全融化后早春首次降雨时间及降雨量对短命植物光合生长的影响。该研究选取两种优势短命植物尖喙牻牛儿苗(Erodium oxyrhinchum)和琉苞菊(Centaurea pulchella)为研究对象, 设置3个首次降雨时间(积雪完全融化后第10、20和30天)和3个降雨水平(5、10和15 mm), 探究两物种的形态、生物量及光化学效率的响应差异。结果显示: 积雪完全融化后第10天进行首次降雨处理时, 随着首次降雨量的增加, 尖喙牻牛儿苗的叶面积和总生物量呈显著增加趋势, 最大光化学效率呈下降趋势。在第20和30天进行首次降雨处理时, 尖喙牻牛儿苗和琉苞菊的叶面积均呈显著增加趋势。在积雪完全融化后5 mm降雨处理时, 随着首次降雨时间的延迟, 尖喙牻牛儿苗和琉苞菊的最大光化学效率呈先下降后上升趋势; 10 mm降雨处理时, 尖喙牻牛儿苗的冠根比降低, 根长和总生物量呈先增加后下降趋势, 琉苞菊的根长呈显著增加趋势; 15 mm降雨处理时, 尖喙牻牛儿苗的叶面积、冠根比和最大光化学效率呈显著增加趋势; 琉苞菊的冠根比和最大光化学效率呈下降趋势, 总生物量呈显著增加趋势。尖喙牻牛儿苗和琉苞菊的根长分别与0-5 cm和5-10 cm土壤含水量呈显著正相关关系。这说明早春首次降雨量比首次降雨时间更能影响植株生长, 但不同物种对降雨格局变化的响应不一致, 这可能通过影响早春短命植物的形态特征, 进而影响早春荒漠生态系统的稳定性。

关键词: 荒漠短命植物, 首次降雨时间, 首次降雨量, 总生物量, 最大光化学效率

Abstract:

Aims Early spring rainfall event is an important factor affecting the growth of desert ephemeral plants. This study aims to understand the effects of the first rainfall timing and amount on the photosynthesis and growth of desert ephemeral plants in early spring.

Methods Two dominant ephemeral species, Erodium oxyrhinchum and Centaurea pulchella were selected in the Gurbantünggüt Desert, and treatments of three times of the first rainfall (10, 20 and 30 days after the snow melted completely) and three amounts of rainfall (5, 10 and 15 mm) were conducted. The plant morphology, biomass and chlorophyll fluorescence of the two plants were determined.

Important findings When the rainfall occurred on the 10th day after the snow melted completely, the leaf area and total biomass of the E. oxyrhinchum increased significantly with the rainfall amount, while the maximum photochemical efficiency decreased. If the rainfall was applied on the 20th and 30th day after the snow melted completely, the leaf area of the E. oxyrhinchum and C. pulchellaincreased significantly with the rainfall amount. On the other hand, if the treatments were applied with the addition of 5 mm rainfall, the maximum photochemical efficiency of the E. oxyrhinchum and C. pulchella decreased firstly and then increased significantly with the delay of the first rainfall timing. If the treatments were applied with the addition of 10 mm rainfall, the shoot to root ratio (S/R), root length and total biomass of the E. oxyrhinchum increased firstly and then decreased significantly with the delay of the first rainfall timing, but the root length of the C. pulchella increased significantly. If the treatments were applied with the addition of 15 mm rainfall, the leaf area, S/R and maximum photochemical efficiency of the E. oxyrhinchum increased with the delay of the first rainfall timing. For the C. pulchella, total biomass increased significantly, maximum photochemical efficiency and S/R decreased significantly with the delay of the first rainfall timing. The root length of the E. oxyrhinchum and C. pulchella were significantly positively correlated with soil moisture content of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm, respectively. In general, the effects of the first rainfall amount on plant growth are much larger than effects of the first rainfall timing in early spring. However, different ephemeral species showed different trends with the changes in rainfall pattern. The variation in early spring rainfall caused by climate change can affect the morphological characteristics of desert ephemeral plants in desert, and then may affect the stability of desert ecosystem in early spring.

Key words: desert ephemeral plant, first rainfall timing, first rainfall amount, total biomass, maximum photochemical efficiency

张玉林, 尹本丰, 陶冶, 李永刚, 周晓兵, 张元明. 早春首次降雨时间及降雨量对古尔班通古特沙漠两种短命植物形态特征与叶绿素荧光的影响. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(4): 428-439. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0385

ZHANG Yu-Lin, YIN Ben-Feng, TAO Ye, LI Yong-Gang, ZHOU Xiao-Bing, ZHANG Yuan-Ming. Effects of the first rainfall timing and amount on morphological characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of two ephemeral species in the Gurbantünggüt Desert, northwestern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(4): 428-439. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0385

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0385

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I4/428

图/表 5

图1 古尔班通古特沙漠积雪完全融化后首次降雨时间及降雨量对不同土层土壤含水量的影响(平均值±标准差)。降雨时间指积雪完全融化后的时间。不同小写字母表示相同首次降雨时间不同降雨量处理间土壤含水量的差异显著; 不同大写字母表示不同首次降雨时间相同降雨量处理间土壤含水量的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of the first rainfall timing and amounts after snow melted completely on soil moisture content at different soil depths in the Gurbantünggüt Desert (mean ± SD). First rainfall time represent days after the snow melted completely. Different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences in the soil moisture content among different treatments of rainfall amounts at the same first rainfall timing. Different uppercase letters indicate the significant differences in the soil moisture content between different treatments of the first rainfall timing under the same rainfall amount (p < 0.05).

表1 古尔班通古特沙漠积雪完全融化后首次降雨时间及降雨量对尖喙牻牛儿苗和琉苞菊的生长与光化学效率影响的双因素方差分析

Table 1 Two-way ANOVA analysis of effects of the first rainfall timing and amounts after snow melted completely on the growth and photochemical efficiency of the Erodium oxyrhinchum and Centaurea pulchella in the Gurbantünggüt Desert

物种 Species	处理 Treatment	df	RL	H	S/R	TB	LA	F_v/F_m	YII
尖喙牻牛儿苗 Erodium oxyrhinchum	R	2	26.984^**	4.279^*	0.334	0.056	25.901^**	0.587	0.298
	T	2	14.872^**	4.283^*	0.191	0.118	7.399^**	3.748^*	5.881^**
	T × R	4	24.044^**	2.207^**	0.031	0.091	2.358	3.488^*	0.938
琉苞菊 Centaurea pulchella	R	2	0.058	4.617^*	1.696	0.431	9.741^**	0.039	0.083
	T	2	0.312	3.235^*	0.983	1.427	0.994	4.417^*	0.852
	T × R	4	0.462	5.249^**	0.369	1.000	0.573	0.976	0.476

图2 古尔班通古特沙漠积雪完全融化后首次降雨时间及降雨量对尖喙牻牛儿苗和琉苞菊生长的影响(平均值±标准差)。降雨时间指积雪完全融化后的时间。不同小写字母表示相同首次降雨时间不同降雨量处理差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同大写字母表示不同首次降雨时间相同降雨量处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of the first rainfall timing and amounts after snow melted completely on the growth of the Erodium oxyrhinchum and Centaurea pulchella in the Gurbantünggüt Desert (mean ± SD). First rainfall time represent days after the snow melted completely. Different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences among different treatments of rainfall amounts at the same first rainfall timing, different uppercase letters indicate the significant differences among different treatments of the first rainfall timing under the same rainfall amount (p < 0.05). S/R, shoot to root ratio.

图3 古尔班通古特沙漠积雪完全融化后首次降雨时间及降雨量对尖喙牻牛儿苗和琉苞菊的最大光化学效率和实际光化学效率的影响(平均值±标准差)。降雨时间指积雪完全融化后的时间。不同小写字母表示相同首次降雨时间不同降雨量处理差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同大写字母表示不同首次降雨时间相同降雨量处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of the first rainfall timing and amounts after snow melted completely on the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency (YII) of the Erodium oxyrhinchum and Centaurea pulchella in the Gurbantünggüt Desert (mean ± SD). First rainfall time represent days after the snow melted completely. Different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences among different treatments of rainfall amounts at the same first rainfall timing, different uppercase letters indicate the significant differences among different treatments of the first rainfall timing under the same rainfall amount (p < 0.05).

表2 古尔班通古特沙漠中尖喙牻牛儿苗和琉苞菊的光合生长指标与土壤含水量的相关系数

Table 2 Correlation coefficients between the photosynthesis and growth of the Erodium oxyrhinchum and Centaurea pulchella and soil moisture at different soil depths in the Gurbantünggüt Desert

物种 Species	指标 Index	SWC-1	SWC-2	SWC-3	RL	H	S/R	TB	LA	F_v/F_m	YII
尖喙牻牛儿苗 Erodium oxyrrhynchum	SWC-1	1
	SWC-2	0.742	1
	SWC-3	0.234	0.220	1
	RL	0.941	0.710	0.232	1
	H	0.302	0.335	-0.189	0.509	1
	S/R	0.099	-0.034	-0.533	0.129	-0.043	1
	TB	-0.132	-0.217	-0.549	-0.053	-0.025	0.689	1
	LA	-0.305	-0.401	-0.375	-0.193	0.279	0.093	-0.257	1
	F_v/F_m	-0.169	-0.277	-0.399	0.010	0.628	0.301	0.076	0.749	1
	YII	-0.137	0.036	-0.602	0.019	0.569	0.268	-0.011	0.795	0.736	1
琉苞菊 Centaurea pulchella	SWC-1	1
	SWC-2	-0.100	1
	SWC-3	-0.579	0.268	1
	RL	-0.538	0.729	0.761	1
	H	-0.044	0.877	-0.089	0.503	1
	S/R	-0.450	-0.268	0.606	0.319	-0.398	1
	TB	-0.065	0.130	0.455	0.435	-0.008	0.363	1
	LA	-0.602	0.216	0.311	0.447	0.170	0.370	-0.134	1
	F_v/F_m	-0.498	0.704	0.347	0.768	0.684	0.270	0.113	0.749	1
	YII	-0.433	0.150	0.164	0.330	0.288	0.475	0.103	0.795	0.736	1

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早春首次降雨时间及降雨量对古尔班通古特沙漠两种短命植物形态特征与叶绿素荧光的影响

Effects of the first rainfall timing and amount on morphological characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of two ephemeral species in the Gurbantünggüt Desert, northwestern China

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