植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 580-592.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0438

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

两种生境间大花百合不同性别表型开花及传粉特征的差异

张迪1, 都业勤1, 王磊1, 陈鑫1, 闫兴富2,*(), 唐占辉1,*()   

  1. 1东北师范大学环境学院/国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室, 长春 130117
    2北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院/国家民委黄河流域农牧交错区生态保护重点实验室, 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-29 接受日期:2022-01-18 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 闫兴富,唐占辉
  • 作者简介:* (tangzh789@nenu.edu.cn);
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31960228);国家自然科学基金(31470446)

Differences in flowering and pollination characteristics of two gender phenotypes of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum between two habitats

ZHANG Di1, DU Ye-Qin1, WANG Lei1, CHEN Xin1, YAN Xing-Fu2,*(), TANG Zhan-Hui1,*()   

  1. 1School of Environment/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
    2College of Biological Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
  • Received:2021-11-29 Accepted:2022-01-18 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2022-02-10
  • Contact: YAN Xing-Fu,TANG Zhan-Hui
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960228);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470446)

摘要:

植物的花期物候与花部综合特征均体现了其对生存环境的适应, 是与周围生物及非生物环境长期适应进化产生的结果。大花百合(Lilium concolor var. megalanthum)野外种群中具有雄性植株和两性植株两种不同性别表型。该研究以人为干扰较弱的孤山屯湿地以及人为干扰较强的金川湿地的大花百合为材料, 通过对两种生境间不同性别表型植株的花期物候、花部综合特征以及主要传粉昆虫的访花行为进行比较研究, 探究大花百合的开花及传粉特征在两种生境间的差异。结果表明: 孤山屯湿地内大花百合种群的始花期、盛花期、末花期均早于金川湿地。孤山屯湿地内大花百合的雄性植株在初开时花粉活力高于金川湿地, 而两种生境间的大花百合两性植株的花粉活力总体变化趋势一致。孤山屯湿地内大花百合雄性植株初开时的花蜜含量较高, 而后缓慢下降; 而在金川湿地内则是先增长, 48 h后开始下降。孤山屯湿地内大花百合两性植株的花蜜含量在开花24 h后开始下降, 金川湿地内则是48 h后才开始下降。孤山屯湿地内大花百合无论是雄性植株还是两性植株, 糖含量达到峰值的时间均比金川湿地晚。两种生境中大花百合两性植株的柱头可授性均保持较高水平。两种生境分布的大花百合主要传粉昆虫为中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana)、蓝灰蝶(Everes argiades)和老豹蛱蝶(Argyronome laodice)。孤山屯湿地内中华蜜蜂及蓝灰蝶对大花百合的访花频率均显著低于金川湿地, 但老豹蛱蝶的访花频率显著高于金川湿地。3种访花昆虫中, 中华蜜蜂的访花效率最高, 蓝灰蝶与老豹蛱蝶起到补充授粉的作用。两种生境间大花百合花期物候和花部综合特征的变化与当地小气候和传粉昆虫数量有关, 这种变化是大花百合经过长期适应而产生的。

关键词: 大花百合, 花期物候, 花部综合特征, 传粉昆虫

Abstract:

Aims The flowering phenology and floral trait of plants reflect their adaptation to the habitat, which is the result of long-term adaptation and evolution to the surrounding biological and abiotic environment. The aim of this study is to explore the differences of flowering and pollination processes of individuals with different gender phenotypes in Lilium concolor var. megalanthum populations between Gushantun wetland with low human disturbance and Jinchuan wetland with strong human disturbance.

Methods Lilium concolor var. megalanthum is a plant with two different gender phenotypes (male individuals and hermaphroditic individuals) in wild population. Lilium concolor var. megalanthum in Gushantun wetland and Jinchuan wetland were used as study materials. We compared the flowering phenology, the floral trait and the visiting behaviors of pollinators of two gender phenotypes of L. concolor var. megalanthum between these two habitats.

Important findings The results showed that the initial flowering stage, peak flowering stage and final flowering stage of its population in less disturbance site were earlier than those in disturbance site. The pollen viability of male individuals of it in less disturbance site was higher than that in disturbance site at the beginning of flowering. While the overall change trend of pollen viability of hermaphroditic individuals of it between two habitats were the same. The nectar content of male individuals of it in less disturbance site was higher at the beginning of flowering and then decreased slowly, while it increased first and began to decline after 48 h slowly in disturbance site. The nectar content of hermaphroditic individuals of it in less disturbance site began to decrease after 24 h, while it began to decrease after 48 h in disturbance site. The peak time of sugar secretion of both male and hermaphroditic individuals of it in less disturbance site was later than that in disturbance site. Stigma receptivity of it in both habitats has always maintained a high level. The main pollinators of it in two habitats were Apis cerana, Everes argiades and Argyronome laodice. The visiting frequency of Apis cerana and Everes argiades to L. concolor var. megalanthum in less disturbance site was significantly lower than that in disturbance site, but the visiting frequency of Argyronome laodice was significantly higher than that in disturbance site. Among the three pollinator species, Apis cerana had the highest flower visiting efficiency, and Everes argiades and Argyronome laodice played supplementary pollination role. The variation of flowering phenology and floral trait between the two habitats are related to the local microclimate and the number of pollinators. This difference is the result of the evolution of L. concolor var. megalanthum over a long period of time.

Key words: Lilium concolor var. megalanthum, flowering phenology, floral trait, pollinator