增温增水情景下钉柱委陵菜物候序列的变化及其抗冻性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0178

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 158-170.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0178

增温增水情景下钉柱委陵菜物候序列的变化及其抗冻性

索南吉¹^,²^,³^,^*, 李博文⁴^,⁵^,^*, 吕汪汪⁴^,⁶, 王文颖¹^,²^,³, 拉本¹^,³, 陆徐伟¹, 宋扎磋¹, 陈程浩¹, 苗琪¹, 孙芳慧¹, 汪诗平⁴^,⁶^,⁷^,^**()()

¹青海师范大学生命科学学院, 西宁 810016
²高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 西宁 810016
³青海省青藏高原生物多样性形成机制与综合利用重点实验室, 西宁 810016
⁴青藏高原地球系统资源环境国家重点实验室, 中国科学院青藏高原研究所, 北京 100101
⁵西藏那曲高寒草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 西藏那曲 852000
⁶中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
⁷西藏大学, 拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2023-06-25 接受日期:2023-09-26 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2024-02-28
通讯作者: ** (wangsp@itpcas.ac.cn)
作者简介:* 同等贡献
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42230504);国家自然科学基金(32160285);国家自然科学基金(31800407);青海省科学技术厅自然科学基金(2020-ZJ-952Q)

Changes of phenological sequence of Potentilla saundersiana and its frost resistance under the scenarios of warming and increasing precipitation

SUONAN Ji¹^,²^,³^,^*, LI Bo-Wen⁴^,⁵^,^*, LÜ Wang-Wang⁴^,⁶, WANG Wen-Ying¹^,²^,³, LA Ben¹^,³, LU Xu-Wei¹, SONGZHA Cuo¹, CHEN Cheng-Hao¹, MIAO Qi¹, SUN Fang-Hui¹, WANG Shi-Ping⁴^,⁶^,⁷^,^**()()

¹College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China
²Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining 810016, China
³Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
⁴State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Beijing 100101, China
⁵Naqu Alpine Grassland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Naqu, Xizang 852000, China
⁶University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
⁷Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China

Received:2023-06-25 Accepted:2023-09-26 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2024-02-28
Contact: ** (wangsp@itpcas.ac.cn)
About author:* Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230504);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160285);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800407);Natural Science Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province(2020-ZJ-952Q)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原正在经历剧烈的气候变化, 包括变暖、变湿和极端气候事件频发等, 然而, 气候变化对高寒植物的影响目前还了解较少。该研究依托西藏那曲高寒草地生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 以高寒草甸优势双子叶植物钉柱委陵菜(Potentilla saundersiana)为研究对象, 在2016-2018年设置了不同幅度的增温和降水改变实验, 观测了不同处理下6个物候序列的变化, 在7个不同极端降温幅度下定量了抗冻性, 并计算了2011-2022年生长季的安全裕度。主要结果有: 1)增温1 ℃和2 ℃以及增水50%对钉柱委陵菜物候序列的影响不显著, 只有增温达到4 ℃时, 返青期显著推迟, 而初花期显著提前。2)钉柱委陵菜的抗冻性(半致死温度)为(-4.76 ± 4.28) ℃, 2011-2022年的生长季中34%的月份防止冻害的安全裕度为负值, 且大多出现在5月和9月, 表明钉柱委陵菜在早春和秋末遭遇极端霜降事件的风险很大。该研究结果揭示了多幅度增温和增水对钉柱委陵菜物候序列的影响, 解析了钉柱委陵菜对极端降温事件的抗性, 为预测青藏高原高寒植物对未来气候变化的响应提供了数据支撑。

关键词: 多幅度增温, 物候序列, 极端降温事件, 抗冻性, 安全裕度

Abstract:

Aims Qingzang Plateau is experiencing rapid climate change, including warming, wetting and frequent extreme weather events, however, we know less about the effects of these climate changes on alpine plants.

Methods We observed six phenological sequences of Potentilla saundersiana under simulating multi-level warming and precipitation changes, in 2016 through 2018. Then, by simulating seven different extreme cooling extents, we determined the frost resistance of P. saundersiana, and calculated its safety margin in the growing seasons during the experiment period.

Important findings Warming (1 °C and 2 °C) and precipitation increase (50%) had limited effects on the phenological sequences of P. saundersiana. But when temperature increased by 4 °C, first leafing day was significantly delayed, while first flowering day was significantly advanced. The frost resistance (LT₅₀) of P. saundersiana was (-4.76 ± 4.28) °C, and the safety margin against frost damage was negative in 34% of months of the growing season during 2011-2022, and most of them occurred in May and September, indicating high risk of extreme frost in the early and late growing season. These results revealed the effects of multi-level warming and increased precipitation on the phenological sequences of P. saundersiana, clarified the resistance of P. saundersiana to extreme cooling events, and provide insight into predicting the response of alpine plants to climate change in the future on the Qingzang Plateau.

Key words: multi-amplitude warming, phenological sequence, extreme cooling event, frost resistance, safety margin

索南吉, 李博文, 吕汪汪, 王文颖, 拉本, 陆徐伟, 宋扎磋, 陈程浩, 苗琪, 孙芳慧, 汪诗平. 增温增水情景下钉柱委陵菜物候序列的变化及其抗冻性. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(2): 158-170. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0178

SUONAN Ji, LI Bo-Wen, LÜ Wang-Wang, WANG Wen-Ying, LA Ben, LU Xu-Wei, SONGZHA Cuo, CHEN Cheng-Hao, MIAO Qi, SUN Fang-Hui, WANG Shi-Ping. Changes of phenological sequence of Potentilla saundersiana and its frost resistance under the scenarios of warming and increasing precipitation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(2): 158-170. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0178

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0178

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I2/158

图/表 7

图1 模拟不同幅度增温和增水对土壤温度(A)和土壤含水量(B)的影响(平均值±标准误)。AP, 自然降水; IP, 增水50%。W0, 自然气温; W1, 增温1 ℃; W2, 增温2 ℃; W4, 增温4 ℃。不同大写字母表示同一增温处理下自然降水和增水50%两个水平之间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一降水处理下不同增温幅度之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of simulated warming and precipitation gradient on soil temperature (A) and soil water content (B) (mean ± SE). AP, ambient precipitation; IP, increased precipitation by 50%. W0, W1, W2 and W4 represent ambient temperature, warming by 1, 2 and 4 °C, respectively. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between the two levels of ambient precipitation and increased precipitation 50% under the same warming treatment (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different warming gradients under the same precipitation treatment (p < 0.05).

图2 模拟不同幅度增温和增水对钉柱委陵菜物候序列的影响(平均值±标准误)。AP, 自然降水; IP, 增水50%。W0, 自然降温; W1, 增温1 ℃; W2, 增温2 ℃; W4, 增温4 ℃。图中正值代表与对照相比推后的天数, 负值代表与对照相比提前的天数。不同大写字母表示同一增温处理下自然降水和加水50%两个水平之间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一降水处理下不同增温幅度之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of simulated warming and precipitation on the phenological sequences of Potentilla saundersiana (mean ± SE). AP, ambient precipitation; IP, increased precipitation 50%. W0, W1, W2 and W4 represent ambient temperature, warming by 1, 2 and 4 °C, respectively. A positive value indicates later phenology than the control; a negative value indicates earlier phenology than the control. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between the two levels of ambient precipitation and increased precipitation 50% under the same warming treatment (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different warming gradients under the same precipitation treatment (p < 0.05). CLC, complete leaf coloring day; EFL, first leafing day; FBS, first budding setting day; FF, first flowering day; FFS, first fruit setting day; PFV, post-fruit vegetative day.

图3 模拟不同幅度增温和增水对钉柱委陵菜物候持续期的影响(平均值±标准误)。AP, 自然降水; IP, 增水50%。W0, 自然气温; W1, 增温1 ℃; W2, 增温2 ℃; W4, 增温4 ℃。A-C中正值代表与对照相比延长的天数, 负值代表与对照相比缩短的天数。不同大写字母表示同一增温处理下自然降水和增水50%两个水平之间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一降水处理下不同增温幅度之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of simulated warming and precipitation gradient on the phenological durations of Potentilla saundersiana (mean ± SE). AP, ambient precipitation; IP, increased precipitation by 50%. W0, W1, W2 and W4 represent ambient temperature, warming by 1, 2 and 4 °C, respectively. In A-C, a positive value indicates longer duration than the control; a negative value indicates shorter duration than the control. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between the two levels of ambient precipitation and increased precipitation 50% under the same warming treatment (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different warming gradients under the same precipitation treatment (p < 0.05). DRP, duration of reproductive phase; DVP, duration of vegetative phase; TAD, total active duration.

表1 增温和增水及其交互作用对钉柱委陵菜物候序列和持续期的影响

Table 1 Effects of warming, precipitation changes and their interaction on the phenological sequences and durations of Potentilla saundersiana

物候期 Phenology	增温 Warming (W)	增水 Increasing precipitation (IP)	增温×增水 W × IP
返青期 EFL	3.52^*	2.93	0.30
现蕾期 FBS	1.04	0.18	0.80
初花期 FF	5.43^**	0.41	0.35
初果期 FFS	0.96	4.43^*	0.24
果后营养期 PFV	0.36	0.04	0.90
完全枯黄期 CLC	2.11	0.98	0.60
营养持续期 DVP	0.57	0.00	1.43
繁殖持续期 DRP	0.64	0.17	0.99
生长持续期 TAD	1.48	3.45	0.30
繁殖期占比 Ratio	2.00	0.71	1.69

图4 钉柱委陵菜物候序列和持续期之间的相关性关系。比值, 繁殖持续期占总生长持续期的比值。图中显示相关系数, 蓝色表示正相关, 红色表示负相关; 颜色较深表示相关性较强, 颜色较浅表示相关性较弱。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 4 Correlation between the phenological sequences of Potentilla saundersiana. CLC, complete leaf coloring day; DRP, duration of reproductive phase; DVP, duration of vegetative phase; EFL, first leafing day; FBS, first budding setting day; FF, first flowering day; FFS, first fruit setting day; PFV, post-fruit vegetative day; Ratio, ratio of DRP and TAD; TAD, total active duration. The correlation coefficients are shown, with blue indicating positive correlation, red indicating negative correlation; darker colors indicating greater correlation, and lighter colors indicate weaker correlation. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

表2 钉柱委陵菜的抗冻性及用相对电导率拟合的Logistic方程

Table 2 Frost resistance of Potentilla saundersiana and logistic equation fitted with relative conductivity

重复 Replicate	半致死温度LT₅₀	Logistic方程 Logistic equation	R²
1	-7.772	y = 100/(1 + 1.726e^-0.070^t)	0.984
2	-8.844	y = 100/(1 + 3.134e^-0.128^t)	0.990
3	-2.243	y = 100/(1 + 1.1324e^-0.055^t)	0.824
4	-0.611	y = 100/(1 + 1.072e^-0.114^t)	0.695

图5 钉柱委陵菜在2011-2022年的安全裕度。安全裕度为正值表示安全, 负值表示可能受到潜在的冻害。2011年5-8月数据缺失。

Fig. 5 Safety margin of Potentilla saundersiana during 2011-2022. A positive safety margin indicates safety and a negative value shows potential frost damage. Data of May to August of 2011 was missing.

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增温增水情景下钉柱委陵菜物候序列的变化及其抗冻性

Changes of phenological sequence of Potentilla saundersiana and its frost resistance under the scenarios of warming and increasing precipitation

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