关键词: 经营性采伐；碳储量稳定性；时间稳定性；物种稳定性；空间异步性；物种多样性；森林恢复

Abstract: Management thinning is an important forest management practice for regulating forest structure and maintaining ecosystem functioning, yet its cross-scale effects on the long-term stability of forest carbon storage and the underlying pathways remain unclear.Based on continuous monitoring data from a temperate coniferous–broadleaved mixed forest from 2011 to 2025, this study decomposed the stability of aboveground forest carbon storage into local (α) stability, spatial asynchrony, and larger-scale (γ) stability. Linear mixed-effects models and structural equation models were then used to examine how stability changed under different thinning intensities. We further examined potential biological mechanisms underlying carbon-storage stability by considering species stability, species asynchrony, and taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity.The results showed that:(1) thinning generally reduced both α and γ stability, and this negative effect was mainly associated with a decline in species stability, whereas its relationship with species asynchrony was relatively weak; (2) The relationship between diversity and stability varies across recovery stages: the first stage of recovery is primarily associated with taxonomic diversity, whereas the second stage is characterized more by the role of functional diversity; (3) β functional diversity was negatively related to spatial asynchrony in the later recovery stage, suggesting that changes in functional composition may weaken compensatory effects at the γ scale; and (4) although stability and species richness recovered to some extent in all thinned plots after 14 years, heavily thinned plots still showed lower γ stability, lower species stability, and a tendency toward functional homogenization. These findings indicate that the effects of thinning on the stability of forest carbon storage are clearly scale-dependent and stage-specific, and that even after long-term recovery, biodiversity and stability may not recover in parallel.

Key words: management thinning, carbon storage stability, temporal stability, species stability, spatial asynchrony, species diversity, forest recovery